The Study On Releasing Reason And The Influence Of The Grain State Monopoly For Purchase And Marketing System

Monopoly for purchase and sale from 1953 to 1985, diverted to the implementation of the contract purchase of food to stop, which lasted 32 years, is one of the longest execution time , the greatest impact, the widest range important systems. The current academic research on the monopoly for purchase and sale system, but the reasons for the formation of the unified purchase and sale system still does not create a more comprehensive, systematic and in-depth explanation. In this paper, with the wealth material and a variety of newspaper resource, sort out the reasons and impact of the formation monopoly for purchase and sale system. And discussing a few related problems of the monopoly for purchase and sale policy.The food tension situation in 1952-1953 is the direct incentive of brewing the food monopoly for purchase and sale policy and rapid decision-making. The tight food situation is not a crisis of grain resources, but the prise-rising panic from buy less and sales more of the commodity goods. The key reason is improperly solution in adjusting the relationship between food business company, and some of areas affected, farmers stored grain prepareing against natural disasters or not to sale. Grain procurement crisis in 1953 gave the opportunity of the government introduced the policy of grain monopoly for purchase and sale. The political motivation of introducing the monopoly for purchase and sale policy is implementing the general line of transition. Monopoly for purchase and marketing policy can effectively cut off the farmers with market linkages, effectively inhibited the spontaneous forces in rural areas, and strengthen the socialist transformation of farmers and agriculture. The first person linking the general line for the transition period with the policy of food purchase is Mao Zedong, this related with the Soviet Union transitional theory which Mao Zedong accepted, and the qualitative analysis of the class for rural and famers. The primary performance of supporting the industy in the initial stage of monopoly for purchase and sale is mainly ensuing stability of food and grain price, guarantee the stability quantities of grain exports, and secure the food supply of the urban and rural person of lacking of food. Since 1958, due to weak grain production led to further tension between supply and demand. The grain market prices significantly higher than the purchase price of food systems, monopoly for purchase and marketing system, then the unconscious as "scissors, " inflowing the agricultural funds to state finance and areas in industrial construction, making tremendous contributions and sacrifices for the industrial construction.Monopoly for purchase and sale system to our political, economic and social development have caused a profound impact in the political,economic,social development. The mainly positive effect in terms of its introduction of a number of reasons, the negative effects mainly in the following aspects: First, limit the value law in agricultural production, combating the enthusiasm of farmers and limiting the vitality of rural commodity economy ; Second, inhibit of the rural and urban living standards and enhance the stability; third, break the urban and rural residents, especially the harmonious balance between the rural residents; Fourth, monopoly for purchase and sale system, together with a seperation urban and rural in registration system,Seriously hinder the reasonable transfer of rural surplus labor, which is the most important institutional factor of political and economic structure of urban-rural dual, and one of the most fundamental factors of long-term imbalance of the gap on per capita income between urban and rural.