On Different Chinese Versions Of The Bible From The Perspective Of Lefevere's Manipulation Theory

Since 1970s, translation studies have entered a new era of translation research from the cultural perspective with linguistic school paving the way. One of the representatives who study translation from the perspective of culture is Andre Lefevere, who brought up the concept of"culture turn"with Susan Bassnett, and established his own Manipulation Theory in his book Translation, Rewriting, and the Manipulation of Literary Fame, stating that translation is a rewriting of the original text and is manipulated by three factors: Ideology, Poetics and Patronage. In this thesis, the Manipulation Theory is applied to the comparative study of two different Chinese versions of the Bible, one of which was the Mark translated by the Chinese outstanding translator Yan Fu in 1908, and the other one is Mandarin Union Version which is the best and time-testing version of all the Chinese versions of the Bible. The purpose of this thesis is to identify, regarding these two versions as entities, their translation processes and their inner causes, to justify their existence with the theory provided and to find out the"invisible hand"manipulating all the differences between these two.