Constitutional Protection Of National Minority Rights

The fate of the Constitution is closely related to the general trend of the country's development. The changes of the constitutional text can reflect a country's history and political situation in different periods. Rights of minorities occupy an important position in national constitution, constitutional provisions on minority rights directly impact the country's dispose of the nation, this is really about national stability and social development of the overall situation. Since the Revolution of 1911,our country have produced fifteen constitution, they all make provision for minority rights. However, because of the influence of background and potentate's national cognition, minority rights provisions of historical constitution are different. This text used methods of literature and comparative analysis, with the evolution of historical stages as the vertical line, development and the perdition, heckled the different provisions on minority rights of the constitution based on the background of the times. This article observed, analyzed and compared these provisions, and reviewed their advantages, disadvantages and historical function, tried to find the rules and historical cognition.This article is divided into five parts. Introduction described the research background, research significance and research ideas and methods. The first chapter was the limit of the establishment of new China, made a brief description of historical constitution and their generation time and background. The second chapter described the development of national awareness of different authorities in modern times, including two aspects, first, Sun Zhong-shan's national thought and influence in MinGuo Period, the national cognition and development process of the Northern Expedition and the Nanjing national government.Second, the development and changes of Chinese Communist Party's national cognition in different periods,come to a conclusion through analyzing:With the development of social, the national cognition of authorities is more depth and comprehensive step by step, the importance of minority gradually strengthened. Chapter there is the highlights of this article, it focused on the protection of minority rights and development in historical constitution. The first parts explained the development of provisions number that rule minority rights, combined with actual situation analyzed the reason of the development of provisions quantity. The second part introduced the minority rights content in historical constitution, and then elaborated equal rights of minorities, the right to political participation, autonomy, religious freedom, national language and customs regulations in different periods of the constitution. Combined with the background, analyzed the reason of constitution in different period made different provisions and the effects to practice, and then summarized the experiences and lessons of constitutional provisions on minority rights. Above all, with the development of the social, the range of minority rights is gradually expanded, and protection of the minority rights is gradually increased. The last part of the text is a summary,it generalized the entire content of text, traced the history track of the constitutional development, draw the regularity understanding, emphasizing using constitution to protect minority rights is very important.