Models Of Power In The Western Universities

Since the birth of universities in the medieval Europe, the modern world center of higher education has been transferred through Italy, Britain, France, Germany, and the United States, for four times and five centers.On the surface, the center of Universities was changing geographically. But behind this change,power allocation form of university has an indispensable role to this change.Especially in society of knowledge economy and globalization today, power mode of western university goes conveniently, changes actively and goes to a new development.The structure of University Power Mode is essentially an issue about the configuration of university powers. It is a system made up of two means.By horizontal level,there are different power types such as personnel, finance and so on.By vertical level, there are various power masters such as department,colleges; and universities, government and so on. This research goes back to history, investigate and study the "university power mode" in western countries in the higher education center.Medieval university is growing by the crack of magisterium and imperial power. Here is the origin of prof western university. The power of university comes from organization strength of professional guild,moral strength formed by Oxbridge college,and rational power established by Berlin university.On this basis,this article concentrates on the forming background and power allocation situation of university power mode in five western countries. Then make a conclusion about characteristics of power each distribution form:university in Italy emerged from guild in which power of professor almost unifies the whole country;university in Britain has tradition of self-government,is representative of relative power balance;university in France has the characteristics of diversification and international, professors' power is powerful,meanwhile centralized properties is obvious;university in Germany is called "Ideal university mode",the influence of Berlin university is especially far-reaching,professors'power is the power pyramid base;university in American goes into brilliance in reference and innovation,external power and colleges power is strong,board of directors controls decision-making authority.Going along with the transitional mainline of historical space and time, We can check one inner logic that each power bound of universities'separate authoritative main body is depended on different system environment, which consequently determines embodied forms of universities' authority patterns. Therefore, the article divided the authority patterns of western universities into two group. One is traditional patterns, such as the patterns of Italy, France and Germany, which also referred to European continent pattern and Great Britain pattern; the other group is American pattern and Japan pattern, which are of retroactive characters. The article further concluded the common characters implied in the authority pattern of western universities. With social improvement and economical development, universities has being headed for the social center from the social edge. For example, high education's popularization, market's coordination function an universities' politicization, which all caused a push to the reform of authority pattern. So the direction of each countries' reform is to conquer the basic weakness of each pattern, and make decentralized authority and concentrated authority reach a coordination and coherence condition. Each distinct authority distribution pattern's single reform aims to balance interior and exterior interests of universities, adapt social development and make themselves are of more energy.From the changes and development trend of the west university's power mode,the unisity must have a good balance of of social and ecological environment.Base on goverment,society,and market and some equilibrium constraints and other factors,then achieve the most optimal allocation of power inside and outside the unisity and fundamentally get rid of the present difficulties in order to achieve the truly independent development. China's universities has its own special living background.Along with national needs and government control,uniyersity of China lack of autonomy tradition.Drawing on the power of the advantages of western universities,we should make sure the responsibility of all kinds of powers,ensure the right of the university's autonomy,and construst the power sector of school's stakeholders,in order to remove the ills and promote the optimization of the power models,and realize the changes of the modern university system.