The Research On The Develoopment Strategies Of The Primary And The Secondary Schools Teachers' Practical Knowledge

With the the development of the teachers' specialization, the theories about the Teachers'Knowledge have been becoming one of the focuses of the Education Research. Since the 1980s, the scholars at home and abroad have done lots of research on Teachers'Knowledge, and the research on Teachers'Knowledge has mainly involved in the following fields:the knowledge base of the teachers,That is the knowledge the teachers shall have;the teachers'practical knowledge of the teachers, That is the knowledge the teachers actually have;and the development of Teachers'Knowledge,That is the strategies of Teachers'Knowledge. of which the practical knowledge is not only the most fundamental knowledge to help the teachers do some teaching effectively, but also the cornerstone of realizing the teachers' specialization. Therefore, this paper aims to study the constituent elements and the development strategies of the primary and the secondary schools teachers'practical knowledge systematically, including the external strategies and the self-development strategies, especially to study the strategies for the practical teaching knowledge development of the teachers in the primary and secondary schools through learning from the advanced theories and practice of Teacher Education, the policy constraints and the academic orientationin of Teacher Education, the cultivation and training of the Teacher Education institutions, the school-based teaching and research, the active individual development of the teachers and so on in the developed countries. This paper consists of the following parts:PartⅠ. to summarize systematically the related research results of Teacher Education having been made since the 1980s aiming to find out the knowledge base of the Teachers' Specialization as well as the constituent elements and characteristics of the practical knowledge.PartⅡ. to study the development and the promotion of the teachers' practical knowledge by analysing the relevant policies and the academic guidance of Teacher Education in the U.S. and UK, esp to study the influence of the external environments on campuses of the teachers'practical knowledge development.PartⅢ. to study the school internal environment of the teachers' practical knowledge development and the active personal development of the teachers, of which include the principals' professional guidance, the influence of the coexistence atmospheres of the Teaching and Research Groups and the active construction of the teachers themselves. By the way, this part is the most important in this paper, because the external factors usually work through the internal factors.Part IV. to make some suggestions on Teacher Education and the teachers' practical knowledge development in China by summarizing the development strategies of the primary and the secondary schools teachers'practical knowledge development strategies in the developed countries.