The Changes Of The Ecomomic Factors And Their Impacts

Social change in rural China is the main content of modern Chinese society. This article is a follow-up survey of the Lengshuigou Village, which has a well-known international academic community in Shandong Province.This article tries to study the changes of the economic factors of this village and their impacts, and tries to study the transition of this village from a particular point of view since the 20th century, as well as its social interacton with other districts outside this village, in order to enrich the theory of the Chinese villages with the unique "local knowledge".This research adapts the method of literature study and the method of field research. The researcher has already read other researches of this village, and has gain the knowledge of the business, factories, work, folk, clan, games and other "daily life" of this village through depth interviews, surveys. Based on the field into the village, the researcher tries to theorize and summarize the theory of the rural changes with the data and the empirical materials.This paper argues that in the four periods, by the impacts of national policies, market mechanisms, the role of urbanization and other factors, the land, labor and capital, which are the three economic factors of Lengshuigou village, make a different process and affect social changes.In traditional small peasant economy stage, because of the occurrence of the land reform, land ownership structure experience from the feudal landlord private land ownership to the peasant private land ownership, but in this process, the private land ownership experiences no fundamental changes. A highly decentralized small-scale peasant family unit, independently engaged in production activities, makes the labor regional liquidity and the professional liquidity low. Traditional small peasants engaged in extensive agriculture production activities, pay more attention to the investment of labor force, but pay little attention to investing more capital to improve agricultural conditions, so the capital is relatively scarce, and the impacts of the capital is also limited.In socialist collective economic stage, due to the occurrence of agricultural cooperative movement, the peasant private land ownership becomes to the socialist collective ownership. Small-scale peasant lost the freedom of their labor, because of the administrative orders from top to down. Owing to the collective organization units engaged in manufacturing management, labors are not free to flow to the cities, and the professional conversion are also difficult. In this period, the farmers are unified by collective units in the economic cooperation organizations, and these organizations are more capable than individuals in the using of capital, so the capital functions rise during the agriculture process.In the new farm economy, since the implementation of the household contract responsibility system, the village has established a new system, that is, "land using belong to individual farmers, land ownership belong to village collectives", and farmers become independent again. At the same time, influenced by the influence of urbanization, market economy, the agricultural area of the village land began to reduce, and the use of the land began to change. The labor flows freely, both in the aspects of geography and the occupation. In the system of market economy, in order to make more benefits, farmers begin to pay attention to the role of capital and create a new production mode, which has been a significant function in increasing the productions.In the changing small-scale peasant economy period, compared with the period mentioned above, there is no change in land ownership, and the changes of the land are mainly reflected in the changes of land using. Due to urbanization and the impact of market mechanisms, non-agricultural land using both are reflected in the tendency of non-agricultural change(real estate development), and the tendency of the land size (cows district). Because of the urbanization and the market mechanism, the labor factor is also in the frequent changes, not only reflected in the labor movements of the diversity but also in the career directions,which constitute the two-dimensional labor mobility. With the tendency of urbanization, urban industrial capital begin to flow into the village, marking the establishment of industrial instricts. In this period, compared with other factors, the urban capital is playing an important role in the village in the near future.