Rural Land Requisition Lead To The Loss Of Collective Assets Of Institutional Reasons

In the trend of industrialization and urbanization in contemporary China, serious loss of rural collective assets caused by rural land acquisition has affected all aspects of the rural economy, political and social life. This problem has proved to be a major obstacle to promote New Rural Construction and to build a harmonious society in rural areas, which is a consensus among scholars and politicians.Because of the relationship to agriculture, farmers and rural development, a research on this problem is necessary and significant. According to the research from current domestic scholars, there is much academic achievement on the policy of land acquisition, land system and the standard of compensation for land acquisition, which just need administrative politicians to include in governance procedures. However, studies in the view of draining of rural collective assets in the term of management are much less than enough, leaving more room for the research on this issue. The author also has accumulated plenty experiences on this issue, which is another reason to choose this problem to be the topic of this article.After the topic identified, the author noticed that around the reform of the policies of land acquisition and the standard for compensation there had been plenty of exploration and achievement. Therefore, the author did not repeat what others had done, but put forward the inventive focus on the course from the compensation for land acquisition to the essential reason for the loss of rural collective assets in the perspective of governance structure of rural areas. By using empirical induction mainly, combined with logical deduction, the author offers several suggestions in the end of this article on how to construct a new rural governance structure to resolve the issue.In this article, starting with the research on the loss of collective assets in the compensating for land acquisition, and consequently on the loss after the land acquisition, the author presents several problems on the management of rural collective assets. Behind above phenomena observed clearly, the author keen to capture that, the fundamental reason why, under the self-government system in China's village, the assets clearly and simply recorded in the accounts of rural collective are spend lavishly and occupied illegally in most parts of the country, in some villages, with the support from local government, is the lack of rural governance structure. So far, it turns into the core of this article.The so-called rural governance structure is a key conception of the article. In an administrative village or within the jurisdiction of the township government, villagers with legal rights, village committee with the function of self-government, Party organizations in village and township-level Party committees and government, these four groups interact and construct the rural governance structure with Chinese characteristics. This structure is dominated by the township governance, works through a set of procedures in village, and has to be accepted by both villagers and government if keeping going.The current governance structure of rural China evolves from China's traditional rural self-governance after repeatedly change on political level. This article has no intention to discus the cause for this change. The author focuses that the current structure is proved to be the fundamental reason why land acquisition leads to the loss of rural collective assets. This reason can be considered as institutional reason. Furthermore, the relationships between the villagers and the village committee, village Party branch and the village committee, town-ship government and village committee turn into disorder, making the village committee falls into a role in chaotic situation; because of the lack of oversight on the village committee represented by the director, the virtual of the democratic rights of the villagers and the villagers self-governance,in fact, has become hollow; the absence of organization for management of rural collective assets create the conditions for the criminal on the assets. Therefore, the serious drain of rural collective assets led by land acquisition can justifiably claimed to be a "drama" because of our unique rural governance structure. I hope it can surprise us deeply so that we can wake up and make great efforts to re-design a reasonable rural governance structure.While carrying out theoretical analysis, this article also reviews various academic and practical explorations on the resolution of the above issue. On this basis, the article fully absorbs useful elements from the explorations, draws international experiences on building organization for management of rural collective assets to improve rural governance structure to manage the rural collective assets efficiently, and makes a logical prospect for the successful attempt of Ruian Cooperative Association. The author believes that the establishment of an entity of the village collective asset management, scientific and rational reconstruction of the village governance structure is the only fundamental way to lead to effective management and operation of rural collective assets. In the end of the article, which is the preliminary results of this article.