Study Of Food Security Based On Households In Typical Areas In Shaanxi Province

Shaanxi province is one of dry farming region in China, it is not only key area of eclolgical construction and new energy and heavy chemical industry base, but also is high quality of fruit industry base and it is demanded that the grain balance between production and marketing. This provincial characteristics decided local socioeconomic development, and it play an important role in Chinese socioeconomic development and ecological construction. In order to coordinate natural resources, population and development, the state and local government formulate a series of policies to advance the development, in those policies, the Grain after Green Project and agriculture structure adjustment exert a tremendous influence. However, the proximate consequence of this two polies is decrease of arable area, effect grain production, and causing regional food security problem. Confronting the problem that the government need to guarantee food security and households need to increase income, we chose Changwu county and Hantai region as agriculture structure adjustment areas, Wuqi county and Mizhi county as typical Grain after Green Project areas, did field trip and households investigation work, we use minimum cropland per capita and Cobb-Douglass production function to analyze cultivated land changing, grain production and food security after policies carrying out.The study showed that under the influence of Grain after Green Project and agriculture structure adjustment, cultivated land decreasd and grain production capability increased in past decade. With current agriculture technology condition, there was great reality potential among households. The result further indicates that according the"Storing Food in Land"strategy, the cultivated area and investment in agricultural technology are the major factors that affect food security, in addition, labor force, labor quality and grain subsidy are also positively related to food production in the region. Moreover, the result demonstrates that in the less populated region (Wuqi county) and grain-fruit producing area (Changwu county) food production can meet the basic standard of food security, but in high populated region (Mizhi county) and outskirt-type agricultural area (Hantai region) food production cannot meet the basic standard. The detailed results as follows:(1)Grain after Green Project and agriculture structure adjustment policy had an impact on farming land and food security. From 1997 to 2008, in Changwu county, Hantai region, Wuqi county and Mizhi county, cultivated land number separately reduced 8853 hm~2, 1066 hm, 12307 hm~2, 6861 hm~2, average per capita amount of grain separately were 290kg, 625kg, 392kg, 258kg, self-sufficiency rate of grain separately were 83%, 94%, 112%, 74%.(2)Clearing the reality grain producing potential under current agriculture technology condition. The increasing space of reality grain potential in Changwu county, Hantai region, Wuqi county and Mizhi county were 2168 t, 28261 t, 12665 t, 4205 t, and average per capita amount were 12kg, 53kg, 101kg, 20kg. Furthermore, If households can grasp great modern agricultural practices, there was more grain producing potential space.(3)According the natural condition, we raised"Storing Food in Land"strategy, and chosed the impact factors of food security. The basic cultivated area, duty of water, investment in agricultural technology, labor force, labor quality and subsidy of Grain after Green Project and grain production had an significant influence on the per unit area yield of grain.(4)While analyzing food production in Changwu county, Hantai region, Wuqi county and Mizhi county, we use minimum cropland per capita to measure regional food security. The result demonstrates that in Changwu county and Wuqi county, food production can meet the basic standard of food security, but in Hantai region and Mizhi county, food production cannot meet the basic standard.To sum up the above arguments, we suggest that while adjusting agriculture structure and constructing ecological environment in Shaanxi province, the government should pay attention to build basic cultivate land and supporting facilitiis, in order to ensure the grain production capacity, especially in high populated region. On the other hand, the adoption of technology and labor force training should be valued as well.