Study On The Tendency From Grain Of The Industrial Structure Adjustment Of Agriculture

In order to promote farmers’ income,agricultural efficiency and sustainable development of agriculture, the state set off the third adjustment of agricultural industrial structure at the end of the1990s.The objective of the agricultural industrial structure adjustment is to increase economic benefit of agricultural production,and put forward to develop high yield,high quality and high efficiency agriculture.However, with the deepening of the adjustment of industrial structure of agriculture gradually, a variety of problems is revealed gradually, which most attention is the issue of food security. Because for most rural areas, especially the western rural areas,the main direction of the current agricultural industrial structure adjustment is to adjust the planting,embodied in the changes in the proportion of food crops and cash crops.As people susceptible to the influence of the principle of comparative advantage, they would reduce grain cultivation and increase cash crops in the crop structure adjustment process.As time passes,it will be a threat to our food security. As we know, the food problem has always been a big problem related to people’s livelihood. It will directly affect the social stability and unity if food security is being challenged.Therefore,it is extremely necessary that study how to ensure food security in the adjustment of industrial structure of agriculture.Through the investigation of Jing’an township in Jingyuan district of Gansu province in recent five years,we know the focus of agricultural industrial structure adjustment in the field of farming, mainly reflected in the adjustment of the proportion of food crops and cash crops. Corn and potatoes are the main food crops, and cash crops is the wolfberry. In this paper, the main content of the research includes four parts:firstly,through discussing the status of resource allocation of Jing’an township,we recognize that whether it is land, labor, water, funds or technology and other resources are unanimous in favor of cash crops wolfberry in the process of agricultural industrial structure adjustment of Jing’an township; secondly,we mainly discuss that the impact of the industrial structure adjustment of agriculture on food production in Jing’an township, and discuss it respectively from the sown area of grain yields, total production changes, the scale of farmers growing grain changes,food self-sufficiency rate commodity rate changes and so on; thirdly,we analyzed the causes of orientation away from the grain in the process of the adjustment of industrial structure of agriculture in Jing’an township,and obtained for the following reasons:the government is concerned, including the promotion of the government’s economic policy, the government’s value-oriented promotion and the government’s attention to food security is not enough; the function of the market mechanism,including market demand for cash crops affecting food supply, the scale of food crops’reduce caused by poor circulation of food;The impact of farmers’ herd mentality, including the interests of the herd, the herd on the government-oriented, the herd on technology and the herd on the risk;then, we discussed the issue of food safety and influence factors of agricultural industrial structure adjustment in Jing’an township and we know that the Jing’an township facing the problem of food security are as follows:decreasing of the scale of production of food crops, the investment of grain production is inadequate, the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities is imperfect and resilience is weak, grain yield per unit area is not high and the general decline in the quality, the degree of organization of grain production is low and the conversion of agricultural products is not strong; The factors affecting food security issues are:food production with low efficiency, the tilt of the allocation of resources of the various elements, the restriction of natural resource, deviation of awareness and impact of natural disasters.The study shows:first.the direction of agricultural industrial structure adjustment in the field of farming,which is optimization of varieties of agricultural products,on the one hand,according to local conditions,increase the cultivation of cash crops wolfberry,on the other hand,according to the principle of comparative advantage,reduce pain and varieties of food crops,mainly grow potatoes and corn which have obvious advantages,limited planting of other crops such as wheat, millet, etc;second,the resources distribution of agricultural structure adjustment with a tendency evident from the grain in Jing’an, among them, the economic crops occupied66%of the cultivated land resources,56%of the water resources,40%of the labor force resources, in the economic crops for money is more than four times the food crops, even the technical training, also preferred Chinese wolfberry plant management technology and pest control technology; third, since adjustment of agricultural industry structure,by the year2010, the sown area of grain fell by35%, total grain output decrease45%, the number of grain farmers reduce by4.5%, the scale of production substantially curtailed; fourth, food can be self-sufficient in Jing’an Township at present if developed according to the present trends. However, from2017food security will be challenged;food self-sufficiency rate will be lower than90%which the acceptable level of food security in2018; food self-sufficiency rate will be less than80%in2019and food security will be threatened seriously. In order to promote the coordinate development between the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure of Jing’an township and food security, we particularly propose the following suggestions:first, improve the policy of food subsidies and stabilize food plantings;we should strengthen the application and promotion of agricultural technology so as to improve food production efficiency; second, to foster and promote good varieties and improve the thoroughbred coverage; third, promote straw returned, organic fertilizer and other soil fertility technology to improve the yield per unit area and quality; fourth, advancing water-saving irrigation and other technology, improve agricultural’s ability to withstand natural disasters; fifth, raise fund for agricultural development and increase investment in agriculture through multiple channels; sixth,strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities and increase effective irrigated area; seventh, established professional cooperatives or food industry association to improve the degree of organization of food production..