The Spatial Pattern Of The Social Vulnerability To Natural Disaster In China

The evaluation of the social vulnerability to natural disaster is a new method andseeing the disaster from a social perspective, after the middle of20century. The socialand the nature factors caused the nature disasters. Through the formation mechanism ofsocial vulnerability and the role of process research to reveal the causes of naturaldisasters and potential losses.The object of this treatise is that to reach the bearing capability and the resilienceability of the human and the social when it confronted the nature disasters. Based on theframework of evaluation index system of the social vulnerability to natural disaster, which is toreach the spatial pattern and the difference distribution in China.In the theory, it is comprehensive analysis that the domestic and foreign scholarsand the international disaster research organization to disasters of the important researchachievements of vulnerability and research development. Expound the imbalance ofMan-Earth relationship with natural disasters. In a certain extent, the imbalance ofMan-Earth relationship is the major reason which is broke out and aggravated thedisasters.In the assessment of the social vulnerability of natural disasters, this treatise wasbased on the damage in the human society by the natural disasters, and the adaptabilityof human society to the natural disasters, build up the natural disasters socialvulnerability assessment index system. The social vulnerability assessment structure isdivided into three target layers, which include the population vulnerability, theeconomic and social structure vulnerability, the culture vulnerability. In the status layers,it was main contained the vulnerable group index, population pressure index, easy todamage of the occupation index, economic development index, social capital index,society organizations index, social security index, social civilization index, disasterculture index. In the assessment index system, some indexes enlarged the risk of thedisaster and the other indexes decreased the risk of the disaster.In the method, the paper used the “Grey Relative Model”, and overlay operationsof the Social Vulnerability. In the select index process, it was used the “AnalyticHierarchy Process” and “Interval Estimation” methods. It selected24indexes from32 indexes in the system. In the vulnerability indexes weights setting, to determine therelative ship importance of various indexes by the expert survey methods. It wasadopted the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weight the multiply indexes, then toget the result of the comprehensive social vulnerability. According to the multi-factorcomposite model get the result of social vulnerability. To eliminate the dimensionless ofthe original data, then overlay on the corresponding weight, to get the integratedregional social vulnerability value. Then Social vulnerability degree was divided intofive levels by the hierarchy method, by nature breaks of arcgis software. It can be showdifference between the different areas.The results of the study show that there are significant differences in the spatialpattern of the social vulnerability to natural disaster in China. The northern region, thesouthwest region and the Tibetan Plateau with a high social vulnerability; the south, thesoutheast coastal areas have a low disaster social vulnerability level. In the economicarea, the vulnerability degree shows: the social vulnerability of the western and middleeconomic zone is slightly larger; the eastern economic zone is relatively smaller. In theregion on the space, the high social vulnerability degree was displayed in mining urbancentralized area, Northern agropasture zigzag zone, The basin of Songhua riverNenjiang river and Wusulijiang river basin, The Bohai economic development belt, Thehilly area of southern Shandong peninsula, The loess plateau, The southern lowmountainous hills, The southwest karts landform mountain, hills, and basins, The Westminority accumulation area.The reach is show that the elderly population over the age of65, mining industrypractitioners and others are the important vulnerability population. The higher the levelof socio-economic development and disaster social vulnerability coupling relationship,the more developed of the social and economic, the lower social vulnerability of naturaldisasters. The level of education, the socio-demographic hazard perception and othersare important factors of the vulnerability. In addition, the population density, minorityproportion, the degree of reform and opening up, and the nature disaster is affected thesocial vulnerability.