| Recently,the research on the treatment methods for the water pollution has become an important issue when experienced a variety of major oil spills.The foam used in this study can be developed into a new type of emergency response material,but its oil-absorbing capacity needs to be researched and developed systematically.According to the characteristics of water emergency accidents and the experimental methods of domestic and international standards,this paper mainly gave a comprehensive research and evaluation on the foam’s oil-absorbing capacity in the different conditions and the adsorption of the common liquid hazardous chemicals,furthermore,invesgated the foams’application performance.The main results as followed:(1)External conditions had effect on the oil absorption of the foam such as static and dynamic conditions,the foam’s diameter,temperature,oil’s viscosity and so on.At the temperature of20℃,the dynamic adsorption multiples(g/g)of the cube foam with the diameter of5cm for the light crude oil could be up to50,static was30,and for the intermediate crude oil,dynamic was40,static was20.The adsorption multiples increased or decreased with the temperature.The foam with the diameter of4cm or5cm had the better oil adsorption by the oil absorption experiments on the different particle size of the foams.This foam was not completely hydrophobic material,it absorbed a certain amount of water,the saturated absorbent multiples at static and dynamic were basically in the range of60to70,and the foam’s water contact angle was89.7,but the absorption of water had little effect on its oil absorption through a number of complementary experiments.The foam showed good capital of holding oil,the rate could be up to97.75%,it ensured the crude oil was not easy to spill out from the foam.(2)The performance of foam’s lipophilic,hydrophobic and holding oil were related to its internal cross linked hole-like structure and functional groups,its oil-adsorbing quantity should include two parts that were the amount of surface adsorption and capillary condensation quantity,the former accounted for the main proportion.(3)The foam showed good adsorption performance on benzene,esters,ketenes, alkenes and other dangerous chemicals,and the adsorption ratio is very high(60min,60).The foam had a good adsorption on the insoluble water-based hazardous chemicals leaking into the water,and had a first selective adsorption,the basic processing capacity was25g hazardous chemicals/0.7G foam.The foam did not have the selective adsorption performance on the water soluble hazardous chemicals leaking into the water,and it could not maintain the volatile chemicals’volatile fraction.(4)The comparative study on the plush feather material and oil sorbent mat showed the foam’s absorption of the oil and hazardous chemicals and the capability to hold oil must be superior to the contrast materials.The adsorption multiple of oil sorbent mat for the oil was10,for the hazardous chemicals was15,the plush feather material were20and25,but the water absorption and oil absorption rate of the foam were poorer than the two materials.(5)Thermal gravimetric analysis experiment showed that the foam began to decompose in215.05℃,only decomposed10%in301.89℃,it had the low rate of TG Differential scanning calorimetric analysis experiment measured the foam’s melting point was68.76℃,it was high,two results showed that the foam had the better thermal stability,and could maintain a certain skeleton structure,that was conducive to its adsorption properties,but also showed that the foam was difficult to be biodegradable. |
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