The Present Situation And Controlling Agricultural Non-point Pollution And Ecological Compensation Mechanism In Hengyang

With the rapid development of agricultural production, there produced more and more wastes of pesticides, fertilizers, livestock and poultry manure and other solid rubbish. The situation of non-point pollution is getting worse, causing great damage to the environment and threatening people’s health. The contraditon between the exlporing of natural resources and protecting environment is acute, which hinders the further sustainable economic development in rural areas. Seeking effective measures to non-point pollution becomes the most important task in reducing rural pollution.Based on the theory of ecological economics and sustainable development, this thesis has combined qualitative and quantitative approaches to conduct the research. In the beginning it makes an analysis on the present situation of controling non-point pollution and ecological compensation. Then, taking Hengyang as a case and using the detailed data of agricultural production in Hengyang in2009, it studies the present situation and features of non-point pollution in the districts and counties under Hengyang, focusing on the elements of chemical fertilizer, pesticide, farming film, livestock and poultry manure and sewage. It also analyzes the present situation of non-point pollution controling in Hengyang. In the end, the thesis explores the mechanism of ecological compensation and policy, covering the subject and object of compensation, compensation principle, compensation methods and the elements affecting compensation. Furthermore, taking into consideration of the real situation of non-point pollution and other conditions, it makes an attempt to contract the mechanism of ecological compensation and offers some coutermeatures for controling non-point pollution.The thesis contains six chapters. Chapter One introduces the significance and background of research, a survey of related research, research methods to be adopted and the framework of the study. Chapter Two mainly introduces the basic concepts of non-point pollution, the theory of ecological economics and sustainable development, including public good characteristics and external diseconomy analysis of non-point pollution. Chapter Three makes a quantitative study on the planting, livestock raising and sewage discharged in Hengyang, and analyzes the present situation in different counties and districts of Hengyang. Chapter Four explores the mechanism of ecological compensation and policy, focusing on the subject and object of compensation, compensation principles and compensation methods. It offers some compensation strategies, including financial compensation, policy compensation, project compensation, technique compensation and other ways of compensation to establish a comprehensive compensation mechanism for non-point pollution in Hengyang. Chapter Five summarizes the discoveris of the thesis:(1) Chemical fertilizers, particulary nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer, have been the main cause to water non-point pollution.(2) Chemical fertilizer, pesticide and livestock manure are the major causing factors to non-point pollution in Hengyang, and has exerted great pressure on the environment. Non-point pollution caused by livestock manure is very serious and in some areas the loading of livestock manure has become a threat to the environment.(3) The rural economy of Hengyang is still poor and fragile, and, in order to protect the rural environment, the government needs to adopt both financial and policy measures to interfere with ecological compensation. The traditional methods of agricultural production must be changed to reduce damage to the environment and achieves a sustainable development and the internalization of positive externalities in rural environment.(4) Taking into consideration of the present situation of Hengyang, financial compensation should be the major method, and technique compensation, policy compensation, project compensation, and material compensation should be supplementary methods of compensation. Only in this way can different methods of compensation make full use of their own advantages and realizes the goal of ecological compensation.