| The agricultural non-point source pollution is a very serious problem now, and has already become a major threat of agriculture, environment, resources and society to reach the aim of sustainable development. The practice of agricultural non-point source pollution controlling showed that, because of lack of effective communication bridge between pollution controlling work and agricultural producers, lack of well-targeted pollution controlling mechanisms, non-point source pollution control efforts could not achieve actual effect. Then what kind of compensation mechanism to be established becomes an important part of agricultural non-point source pollution control efforts. This study was aimed at understanding and analysis of the characteristics of Chinese agricultural non-point source pollution, exploring ecological compensation mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution control, establishing compensation approaches corresponding for different pollutants and different types of pollution areas. The main contents and findings are as follows:1. From systematically analysis of Chinese agricultural non-point source pollution, it shows that, agricultural non-point source pollutants pollute environment primarily through soluble nutrients, toxicants, solid accumulation and dust etc. Their representatives are eutrophication of water body, air pollution and traffic safety threat, visual pollution and sanitation hidden-dangers. The main characteristic of agricultural non-point source pollution is coexistence of dispersal in large area and a large number of small point-emissions. Water is essential spread medium. Pollution intensity has point-site feature, but pollution can transfer temporally and spatially, different types of pollutants and of different type areas (water conservation and river sources areas, major grain-producing areas, river net areas, rural life areas and integration areas of urban and rural areas) have different ways of pollution. And agricultural non-point source pollution is mainly due to non-standardized agricultural production. The overall trend of Chinese regional agricultural non-point source pollution is that, the extent and potential risk of contamination in middle and east areas, southeast coastal areas outweigh the western and north-western regions, that of middle and lower reaches of valleys outweighing upstream regions. Agricultural non-point source pollution control efforts should focus on building an effective communication bridge between pollution control works and agricultural producers.2. The theoretical foundation of ecological compensation is the recognition of agricultural ecological environment as independent status to involve in creating value. It is a measure of internalization of agricultural external cost based on A.C.Pigou Taxes. Construction of public production is to protect agricultural environment. It is the ecological service value compensation from correction of ecological capital input and output directly error. The ecological compensation mechanism of agricultural non-point sources pollution is composed of compensation subject, compensation object, compensation standard, the scope of compensation, compensation manners and compensation time. Compensation subjects contain nation, society, inner of region and among of regions. Compensation objects compose local governments, units or individuals that directly take part in control work and get positive external benefits or that have benefit damage from control work. In the same mechanism, because the beneficiaries and the executants of pollution control are indefinite, so there may be many compensation subjects and objects. Due to the difference of agricultural production, the types of non-point source pollutants, pollution ways and extents among different regions; it is not possible to explicitly quantify the compensation standards, the scope of compensation and compensation time. But in practice of calculating the compensation standards, after inquiring the willing of compensation object, operating costs should be combined with the proceeds; the principle is that the object could accept compensation and the subject could afford the compensation. The determination of compensation time should apply the principle that after the compensation, the producer's net income could reach or exceed the level before that of compensation. Compensation types could be policy, practical items, financing, techniques and intellectual resources. Compensation approaches include administrative intervention, restriction by laws and economical regulations (tax reform, market prices adjustment, economic incentives), and the honor encouragement, in specific practices, several types of compensation and several approaches should be combined.3. Research on compensation approaches of agricultural non-point source pollution controlling proved that, different technical compensation approaches should be applied according to different pollutants and different types of pollution. The main compensation methods for fertilizer, pesticide pollution, include designing ecologically sensitive areas and planting areas, support of alternative production techniques, and support of alternative product input. Livestock pollution control compensation mainly include designing forbidden areas for raising and breeding livestock area and allowed areas, technical support of manures sound processing and resource utilization , encouragement of construction of large and medium-sized environment-friendly raising factories. Compensation of agro-plastic pollution should apply approaches such as developing plastic alternatives, promotion and setting reasonable used-plastic-reclaiming system. Crop straw pollution can be controlled and compensated by implementing straw-return-field technology, support of energy resource utilization. Building unified interception pipelines or constructing family biogas pool should be the main approaches to control rural sewage pollution. The main compensation approach of life waste pollution is to build a unified collection, classification system to treat life waste. Pollution can be reduced through "collection - transfer - convergence - treatment - resourceful utilization".Research on agricultural non-point source pollution control approaches of different district types showed: in water conservation and river source areas, compensation methods should include enough or full compensation, dividing ecologically sensitive areas and proper planting/raising areas, encouraging and supporting building artificial wetlands, vegetation buffer zones and biological fence belt surrounding water conservation and river source areas, developing alternative industries (such as eco-tourism) to reduce regional agricultural production pollution risks. In main grain producing areas, in one side, compensation approaches should be applied to fertilizers, pesticides, plastic films, crop straw, in the other side, intelligence compensation of safe production should be included also. In river net districts, compensation approaches should be focused on dividing ecologically sensitive areas and suitable planting/raising areas, applying controlled-release fertilizer, slow-fertilizers, and microorganism fertilizers as alternatives of traditional fertilizers, using low toxicity and low-residue, and high effective pesticides as alternatives to conventional high-residue pesticide, building artificial wetlands surrounding waters. Compensation approaches for rural living areas pollution control should not only include living waster water treatment compensation and life garbage treatment compensation, but also include strengthening rural environment protection education, improving farmers' environment protection consciousness. In the integration areas of urban and rural districts, it should start from three aspects, producers, alternative technologies, alternative assistant input. Agricultural production pollution control mechanism includes encouraging farmers to found many kinds of farmer associates, encouraging building large and medium-sized environment-friendly raising factories by several families.4. The analysis of Pinghu City agricultural non-point source pollution control ecological compensation shows as follows. Regional agricultural non-point pollution control can be reached by taking local government as policy compensation subject, governmental finance as capital compensation subject, agricultural technique service offices as technique compensation subject, local government and agri-tech service offices as co-subject of intelligence compensation, through alternative product input, alternative production techniques/harmless treatment technical support, planning forbidden and suitable areas for livestock raising and breeding, promotion of straw-return-soil technology, setting up life garbage uniformly collection and treatment mechanism. This case study analysis proved that different pollutant compensation approaches and river net agricultural non-point source pollution control approaches can be operated practically.
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