| There are two methods of identification and quality assessment of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) by infrared spectrum(IR). one method is determining the original medicinal material powder and the other is determining the extracts of original medicinal material.The authors determined four kinds of substances(original ganoderma lucidum and ganoderma lucidum water extracts n95%ethanol extracts and petroleum ether extracts) by infrared spectrum, the components of extracts in each solvent are different because of the different polarity of three kinds of solvents, there are more lipid materials in petroleum ether extracts and rich high polarity components in water extracts, as well as more weak polarity components in ethanol extracts, infrared spectrum can well reveal the change rules and the four kinds of substances can be distinguished according to the absorption peak area ratio of3416-3279.1541and723cm-1to2935-2852cm-1.The author calculated the information entropy of19samples with Euclidean Distance in the range of1800～800cm-1IR, and the information entropy values of19original ganoderma lucidum and its extracts (petroleum ether extracts.95%ethanol extracts and water extracts) are8.1116,6.3803,4.4113and4.0354bit, respectively. The results showed that original ganoderma lucidum IR have the maximum information entropy, which illustrate that original ganoderma lucidum IR carry the most abundant of chemical information and in favour of pattern recognition.The author calculated the correlation coefficient spectrum of four kinds of substances in19samples according to the IR reference of NO.19original ganoderma lucidum, and did hierarchical clustering analysis on the similar spectral set. which found that the similar spectral set of original ganoderma lucidum IR can distinguish Ganoderma atrum, Cyan ganoderma. Ganoderma multiplicatum and Ganoderma lucidum. but the similar spectral set of extracts have no clustering results. The results showed that original ganoderma lucidum IR carry more information of the components with high information entropy and the extracts IR lose some components with weak information entropy, original ganoderma lucidum IR are the best choice for the classification and identification of ganoderma lucidum medicinal materials.The change rules of ganoderma lucidum IR are summarized through the following several main aspects, this will have the directive function in how to use infrared spectrum effectively in quality control of TCM, and it will also have the inspiration significance of the answer to the question on how to use identification method of medicinal material between original medicinal materials and its extracts in TCM industry.1、The author analyzed the components of ganoderma lucidum extracts by infrared spectrometry comprehensively and systematically. The extracts components are not exactly the same when it extracted by the solvents of different polarity. According to the similarity-intermiscibility theory, high polarity substances are mainly in polar solvent extracts, weak polarity substances are mainly in non-polar solvent extracts, but there is no a clear boundary between each other, the components of each extract will present a certain distribution according to the size of polarity.2、The author identified part of the IR characteristic peaks, and found the relationship between the peaks and the components of extracts. One of the characteristics of ganoderma lucidum and its extracts is that the proportion of polar and non-polar compounds are different contained, if the absorption peak area of3416～3279cm-1is large, the polarity is high and if the absorption peak area of2935～2852cm-1is large, the nonpolarity is high; There is a relatively large absorption peak at1541cm-1in original ganoderma lucidum and a distinct small peak at723cm-1in petroleum ether extracts. Four kinds of the substances can be distinguished by the proportional relation of the four characteristic peak area. The author also used the method of Multi-class Support Vector Machine to classify and predict the four kinds of substances, this method can classify it by using80samples as training sample set and47samples as predicted sample set and the accuracy is100%.3、The information entropy have been calculated of the Euclidean Distance between each sample and the reference sample. By this calculation method, the information entropy can reveals the amount of chemical information that the sample set carried, the sample set with large amount of information are in favour of pattern recognition. The results of the infrared spectral pattern recognition has a guiding role in characteristic extraction and sample set building, and you can use the information entropy to evaluate the merits of the sample set.4、By using the similar spectrum sample set of1800-800cm-1. the author did hierarchical clustering analysis on four kinds of substances by MATLAB..And drew hierarchical clustering figure with shortest Euclidean Distance after the normalization processing of the original data, which can be found that the hierarchical clustering figure of original ganoderma lucidum sample set has better clustering effect on four kinds of ganoderma lucidum. The results support both the information entropy judgment and the view that some domestic experts insist on using infrared spectrum of original medicinal for quality control. It is worth pointing out that the clustering analysis of different purposes must choose different characteristic wave number, the choice of the wave number also can be evaluated by information entropy.5、The author analyzed8kinds of trace elements such as Zn、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ca、Mg and Pb in Northern Guangdong ganoderma lucidum, the results showed that the content of Ca was highest and Pb was lowest, the content rank of each element was Ca> Mg> Fe> Mn> Zn>Cr> Cu> Pb; In five kinds of ganoderma lucidum, the content of Ca. Mg. Fe was generally higher. Zn and Mn was relatively close, and Cr and Cu is also relatively close. And in the gray ganoderma lucidum pat, the content of Zn was higest, but Cr、Fe、Mg was lowest. It can provide reference for the production、acquisition and quality assessment of ganoderma lucidum as well as the reasonable utilization of ganoderma lucidum. |
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