| Ganoderma lucidum is a precious health-care edible medicinal fungus in China. Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids are rich in biological activities. This paper was to provide practical and efficient way of extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids for further research on its physical and chemical properties and the physiological activities, and to provide a theoretical basis and experimental methods for the development and utilization of triterpenoids and the efficient use of the resource by studying on ultrasonic extraction of triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum. In this paper, in order to enhance the yield of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids,firstly, we studied on the triterpenes content during different growth periods of Ganoderma lucidum. Secondly, we studied effects of the factors (included concentration of ethanol, material-liquid ratio, extraction time, extraction temperature and ultrasonic power) on triterpenes contents through single factor experiments. Basing on these, Orthogonal experiments were used to run 4 factors 3 levels analysis to explore the interaction of various factors. Finally, the optimization process of the ultrasonic extraction of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoids was found out. The experimental results showed that the optimization condition was: 500mg of test sample and 250W of the ultrasonic power, 75% of the ethanol concentration, 1:15 of the material-liquid ratio, 40 min of extraction time, 60℃of extraction temperature for Ganoderma lucidum. The extraction rate was 1.941% under the optimal condition. And when the temperature was 80℃, the optimal extraction condition for Ganoderma sinense was:80% of the ethanol concentration, 1:35 of the material-liquid ratio, 30 min of extraction time, 100W of ultrasonic power. The extraction rate was 0.934% under the optimal condition.By using fingerprint analysis technology, the fingerprint analysis method of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenoid acid was established, fingerprint common model of Ganoderma lucidum was studied out, and this was used to estimate quality differences of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense and to provide a frame of reference of quality of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum preparation. The HPLC condition was: A type C18 column of chromatogram column, the mobile phase was acetonitrile and 2% acetic acid (gradient elution), detection wavelength was 252nm, the velocity of flow was 1mL?min-1, column temperature was 35℃. Results indicated that 29 common peak areas of 18 batches of Ganoderma lucidum and 7 batches of Ganoderma sinense were marked and three components (ganodenic acid A, C2 and G) of them were identified by contrast with the reference substance. The peak of ganodenic acid A was the highest peak. Fingerprint of ganodenic acid from Ganoderma sinense was confirmed in this research. Though, the common peaks of Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma sinense were similar, the unit peak area of crude drug of Ganoderma sinense was 1/10~1/20 of Ganoderma lucidum. Fingerprints of different times in the dust indicated that the contents of ganodenic acid were the highest for harvest on the sixtieth day for Ganoderma lucidum and on the sixtieth to seventieth day for Ganoderma sinense.
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