The Research On Extraction, Reifning, And Application Of Grape Seed Oil

Grape is a kind of fruit trees which had high economic value in the world. Themain wine grape varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Castelao, Chardonnay,Traminer, Riesling, etc. Grape seeds are the main component of the residue of thewine industry. They are rich in fats, crude protein and phenols. Grape seed oilcontains a variety of unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and various trace elementswhich had high values. This paper has carried on the research about grape seed oilextraction, refining, oxidation stability and application comprehensively, and providesa theoretical basis for the industrialization of grape seed oil.In this work, four extraction treatments （solvent extraction, ultrasonic assistedextraction, supercritical CO₂fluid extraction, subcritical fluid extraction） were used toextract the Cabernet Sauvignon grape seed oil which provided by Turpan of XinjiangAcademy of Agricultural Sciences Agricultural Research Institute. Through singlefactor to optimize the level of each factor, the response surface method andorthogonal test were applied to optimize the extraction conditions and the results wereas follows. First, the optimal conditions of solvent extraction were the solvent’s massratio of n-hexane to petroleum7:3, ratio of liquid to material1:11, material particle60mesh, extraction temperature57.8℃and extraction time2.66h, under theseconditions the absolute extraction yield is23.89%. Second, the optimal conditions ofultrasonic assisted extraction were the solvent’s mass ratio of n-hexane to petroleum7:3, ratio of liquid to material1:12, ultrasonic extraction time35.5min, temperature51℃, ultrasonic power290W, under these conditions the absolute extraction yield is19.19%. Third, the optimal conditions of supercritical CO₂fluid extraction were theextraction pressure15MPa, extraction temperature35℃, CO₂flow15L/h，extractiontime2h, under these conditions the absolute extraction yield is19.54%. Forth, theoptimal conditions of subcritical fluid extraction were extraction temperature45℃,extraction time50min, extraction times2, under these conditions the absolute extraction yield is21.09%. Solvent extraction method were used to compare the yieldof the different varieties of grape seed: Riesling （Origin of Fukang）18.62%,Chardonnay （Origin of Yanqi）19.46%, Cabernet Sauvignon （Origin of Yanqi）23.54%,Muscat grape（Origin of Urumqi）21.27%, Red grapes（Origin of Urumqi）16.25%.Weighted evaluation method were used to score the four methods, whichcontained four evaluation indicator, these were the relative extraction yield, fatty acidcomposition, physical and chemical indicators, oxidation stability. The best methodfor extraction is supercritical CO₂fluid extraction.Grape seed oil were refined. The optimal conditions of degumming were thecitric acid4%, degumming time30min, temperature75℃, and water3%. The optimalconditions of deacidification were the concentration of alkali12%, ultra alkali0.3%,alkali refining time20min, temperature70℃. The optimal conditions ofdecolorization were activated clay4%, bleaching temperature70℃, thedecolorization time25min.Synergic effect of different antioxidants and effect of using synergist for the thestability of grape seed oil were researched. The optimal conditions wereTBHQ/BHA=3/1, it means0.015%TBHQ,0.005%BHA were added, and0.01%citric acid was the best synergistic agent.Grape seed oil and horse oil were used to product natural cosmetics emulsion.The formulations were oil phase grape seed oil12%, horse oil5.5%, singlet Glycerylstearate2.9%, cetyl alcohol1.5%, water phase glycerin9%, triethanolamine1.2%,tween-801.9%, xanthan gum0.3%, flavor0.2%, potassium sorbate0.2%, grape seedproanthocyanidins0.02%, water65.28%. The specific processes included modulation,emulsification, cooling, discharging, etc.