Automatic Tracking Device Of Solar PV Systems

In paper, we try to design an automatic tracking device of solar PV systems based on MCU. Solar PV systems can improve the utilization of solar energy effectively by using solar automatic tracking device. So the study of this paper has an important significance to improve the efficiency of PV power generation and promote its application.The paper introduces the principle and some factors that affect the output of solar cells first, then describes the various components of the stand-alone PV systems. A calculation method is provided for the capacity of a stand-alone PV power generation system. This method allows the power generation system to increase energy efficiency and reduce costs.Solar panels are fixed-mounted in most of PV power generation systems now. In this paper, the dual-axis tracking device we designed is based on MCU. According to the mathematical formulas of sun law to calculate the solar declination and hour angles, as a theoretical basis for the corresponding angle which the dual-axis stepper motor driven tracking device to turn by reading the current time from the time chip. After the end of one day’s east-west track and then the MCU control the east-west axis return to the initial point, the north-south perspective will be changed once a day at the same time. These make solar panels always toward to the position of the sun throughout the year to improve the efficiency of the photovoltaic power generation system.This tracking device is a uniform rotation in accordance with the time in the east-west and north-south. But the angle of rotation is a theoretical value that calculated from the mathematical formula. In fact, the declination and hour angles of the sun changes with the seasons is not uniform, leading the tracking accuracy of the system will be offset after long-term operation. So it needs to be calibrated regularly.