Study On The Environmental Factors Of Arctic Navigation And The Safety Measures For Navigation In Ice Area

In recent years, global climate continues to warm on a steady scale, the rise in temperature in the Arctic Ocean is especially evident. In the latter half of the20th century and the early21st century, it has been observed that the extent and thickness of the Arctic sea ice has been decreasing. Results of a global warming model shows that sea ice will continue to decrease, but winter sea ice will in any case exist. In as early as2015, a case of no sea ice in the summer may occur in the Arctic area, also meaning the disappearance of multiyear ice. With the exception of in winter, it seems quite reasonable to foresee wider sea passages and longer navigation seasons. The opening of the Northeast Passage in Russia and the Northwest Passage in Canada had gradually made the opening up of the Arctic Ocean passageways reality.As a link connecting the Pacific and Atlantic. The opening up of the Arctic Ocean will certainly link the three major economic zones (Europe, North America, and East Asia) much more effectively. In comparison to traditional shipping routes, the Arctic passageway will cut the voyage short and decrease the cost of shipping to a great extent. Furthermore, the Arctic area contains abundant natural and mineral resources. The shortage of resources and the great need of humans for these resources will surely stimulate the exploitation of Arctic sea routes. Enormous value in scientific expedition and tourism can also stimulate the exploration of Arctic sea routes to a certain extent. At the same time, Arctic sea routes will have huge economic and shipping values to our country.This article, by integrating the factors of Arctic meteorology, collecting a great deal of research data from relevant organizations and scholars home and abroad, analyzing and summarizing the history, geological background, and main features of Arctic sea routes, draws an overview on the statistical characterization of Arctic meteorology and its developing trend in the future. Pay more attention to analyze the impact of the Arctic sea ice on the safe navigation of ships, and illustrates of success stories in the Arctic navigation and ship shipwreck lessons, combined with the experience of the Arctic voyager, put forward the recommendations of the Arctic ice navigation.The studies have shown that the main weather system that affecting the Arctic region are the Polar front, the Arctic front, Arctic cyclone Arctic anticyclone (high pressure), polar swirl and the polar low. Most of the weather systems activity in the winter half year, only Arctic cyclone activity in summer but different in nature compared with in winter, and the intensity is much weaker than in winter. The Arctic region has meteorological characteristics, such as low temperatures, probability of strong winds, dense fog and poor visibility, small wind and waves; but at the same time it has more ice, a wide range of ice, big blocks of ice, the ice conditions of the ice ridges, ice mound and ice waterways. Ships sailing in the Arctic waterway ice should have plenty of navigation safety and security measures to fully grasp the outside world meteorological and hydro logical profiles, especially for sea ice, the readiness of the ship and crew, making good response to ice storm, anchor losing, to ensure smooth and safe through ice area.