The Seed Dormancy Release And Germination Of Tulipa Edulis (Miq.) Baker And The Microscopic Authentication Method Of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gu Sui Bu

This thesis includes the seed dormancy release and germination of Tulipa edulis (Miq.) Baker and the microscopic authentication method of Traditional Chinese Medicine Gu Sui Bu.1. The seeds of T. edulis get matured in late April to early May and then germinate in early spring of the next year in eastern and central China. At the time of seeds dispersal, the very small underdeveloped embryos which are made of undifferentiated cells were usually less than10%the length of the seeds. This is a typical characterstic of morphylogical dormancy (MD) component; Final percentages of germination were9.8%and4.0%respectively when cultivated in petri dishes exposed to10℃and15℃for120days, whereas no seed germinated exposed to5℃and25℃. This suggests that they have a physiological dormancy (PD) component. Therefore, the MPD dormancy type may be deduced from the characteristics of underdeveloped embryo and low germination rate without stratification process.In order to break seed dormancy of T. edulis, stratification was used to treat those seed. Stirred and mixed the seeds with moist sand for a period (90days) in different tempreture regimes, i.e. consistently cold (5,10℃), consistently warm (25℃), consistently moderate (15℃), daily alternating temperature regime (12h for25℃and12h for15℃per day) and stage-changing temperature regime (25℃for30days followed by15℃for60days). After stratification, the seeds were transfered into petri dishes for the germination on four tempreture treatments (5℃,10℃,15℃and25℃). The seeds have a high germianton rate in10℃and15℃of darkness(92.2%and85.6%respectively) after they undergo stage-changing stratification regime. Except the stage-changing stratification, low germination percentage occurs in other tempreture regimes. In addition, there is a significant difference of germination rate between the darkness (92.2%and85.6%) and12-h daily photoperid (52.2%and51.1%). This result may mean that light has an inhibitory effect to germination. In this study, three kinds of chemicals were also applied to test their effect to dormancy release. The result shows that The KNO3and6-BA do not have significant effect on seed germination, while GA can promote seed germination in15℃Together with study of dormancy release and germination under temperature, light and chemicals regime, the development process of embryos were investigated by paraffin section and light microscopes. The embryos did not grow in clod, warm, moderate temperature, daily alternating temperature regime stratifications while they grow rapidly at stage-changing temperature regime and nearly reached the whole length of the seeds at the end of stratification process, some of them even had germinated in the sand. Along with extension of the embryos, cotyledon and radicle begin to differentiate after embryos emerge from seed coat. The green cotyledon is only assimilation organ instead of real leaves in first year after it push vestige of seed coat outside soil. A new primordium appears on joint between cotyledon and radicle when seedling establishes, and it will develop into a new plant in next growth season. The same development pattern of seed also occurs in Erythronium, which may imply that Amana group has a close taxonomic relationship with Erythronium.2. The Traditional Chinese Medicine " Gu Sui Bu " is a kind of commonly-used herb in clinical, its original plant is Drynaria roosii Nakaike. But the crude drug was often adulterated with rhizomes of other species taxonomically close to D. roosii in market, such as Drynaria delavayi Christ, Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Sm. and Pseudodrynaria coronans (Wall.ex Mett.) Ching. The medicinal values of these adulterants have not been researched widely, so when these drugs are circulating in the market, they may give a effect to the quality and safety of the drugs. Therefore, there need an accurate method for the identification of Gu Sui Bu. The morphology of these adulterants is similar with the quality goods; it is difficult to distinguish them by appearence. However, the rhizome scale and the styles of vascular bundle have an important significance in taxology of fern; we can identify them by means of microscopic authentication. We observed the tissue sections of the rhizomes, the morphology and size of the rhizome scales with the light microscope and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that there are significant differences between scale length of D. roosii, D. delavayi and P. coronans;the morphology of the scale teeth are different between the specices; the base of the scales sinks in epidermis in D. roosii, D. quercifolia, and P. coronans, while it bears at the raised part of epidermis in D. delavayi; the distribution of the meristeles are1lap in the rhizomes of D. roosii and D. delavayi while1-3laps of D. quercifolia and Pseudodrynaria coronans.