| This paper selected ragweed (Ambrosia rtemisiifolia L.) for the study. Through the extraction method, bioassay test, activity substances and safety tests, discusses and demonstrates the development potential of the ragweed as botanical insecticide and antimicrobial pesticide. The result of this research provides theory basic for expounding the activity of ragweed extracting solution and corresponding botanical bacteriostatic agent.The active ingredient of ragweed was extracted by five methods and then selected optimal extract method. Stauronematus compressicornis larva and Cytospora chrysosperma was used for activity test and bacteriostat activity test, respectively. Furthermore, the active ingredient was analyzed initially with liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology. For the purpose of researching the effect degree of insecticidal and anti-microbial activities in ragweed extracting solution on the health of mammal. So we made rats acute toxicity test, protective enzymatic activity assays and CarE activity assays on rats’ liver.The extraction method of ragweed’s insecticidal and antibacterial active ingredient shows that, The descending order of the five kinds of extraction methods on the extraction rate of ragweed dry powder is:Soxhlet-microwave extraction, Ultrasonic extraction (22.16%) Heating immersion extraction (21.48%), Soxhlet extraction (19.78%), Ordinary temperatures immersion extraction (19.43%)Biological test on ragweed’s insecticidal and antibacterial active ingredient shows that, the ragweed extracting solution of soxhlet-microwave extraction is the best method at insecticide and antibacterial. The corrected mortality of5dilution factor to the three age Stauronematus compressicornis larva are as follows:5times (77.68%),10times (71.79%),20times (60.02%),40times (40.01%),80times (30.60%); The inhibition rates to Cytospora chrysosperma were:5times (76.64%),10times (70.88%),20times (62.87%),40times (51.82%),80times (46.92%)The research of insecticidal and antibacterial active ingredient showed that, there were5materials’molecular weight was consistent with5chemical composition which possessed bacteriostat activity and were reported in corresponding literature. They are Chlorogenic acid、damsin、ambrosin、coronopilin and partenin. Correspondingly, the molecular weight was354.30、248.32、246.304、264.319and262.31.The result of rats acute toxicity test showed that, The LD50of mice with ragweed extracting solution is4986.396mg/kg. Its toxicity level belongs to low mammalian toxicity.The results of protective enzymatic activity assays on rats’liver which treated by ragweed extracting solution showed that activity of SOD was restrained at first and then was activated. The highest inhibition rate was15.88%in treatment group and the highest activity of SOD in treatment increased by1.13times than normal group. The activity of CAT in treatment group was all lower than normal group. The highest inhibition rate was42.06%through the enzymatic activity change process. The activity of POD in treatment group was invariably in the state of inhibition. The highest inhibition rate was79.06%in treatment group. The results of protective enzymatic activity assays on rats’liver which treated by DDVP showed that activity of SOD was all lower than normal group. The highest inhibition rate was75.28%in treatment group. The activity of CAT was activated at first and then was restrained in treatment group. The highest activity of CAT in treatment group was increased by2.22times than normal group. The activity of POD in treatment group was invariably in the state of inhibition through the enzymatic activity change process. The highest inhibition rate was61.45%in treatment group.The results of CarE activity assays on rats’liver showed that extracting solution of Abrosia artemisiifolia has the effect of activation on CarE. The enzyme activity value increased to0.015006mmol/min.mg.pro sharply after feeding pesticide during6h. Then it decreased to0.009156mmol/min.mg.pro which was basically recovered to normal until24h gradually. Apparently, DDVP have the effect of inhibition on the activity of CarE of mice’s livers. The activity of CarE was in the state of inhibition after feeding pesticide and the value was lower than the control. It recovered slowly. Furthermore, both of extracting solution of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and DDVP have the effect of inhibition on protein content of mice’s livers. As pesticides and antibacterial agents, the safe of the activity components of Ambrosia artemisiifolia was better than organophosphorus pesticide. |
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