Ecosystem Services Assessment And Macro-control Technology Of Protection Forests In The Yangtze River Basin

The Yangtze River basin protection forest ecological system is the very important barrier of water and soil protection in the Yangtze River. The integrity of protection forest ecological system structural decided its ecological service functions whether good play or not. In recent years, some areas of the Yangtze River basin (TYB) under the economic and social pressure, disreasonable farming, especially to the forest of deforestation, forest area down sharply, weakening the ability of soil and water conservation, leading to the dramatic deterioration of environment. Evaluationing the main ecosystem service of PFES correctly and scientifically, that is significance to improve the ecological environment of TYB and guid the protection forest engineering construction in the Yangtze River basin.According to the standard of evaluation forest ecosystem service function, this paper evaluation the value of ecosystem service of protection forest in the Yangtze river basin (ESYR) in2001,2005and2009. Base the analysis from the time and space on the value of ESYR, we division the key control zone, analysis the space transfer of protection forest ecosystem service function and make the space distribution of ecological compensation, and other macroeconomic regulations. The main conclusions are as follows:1. The value of ESYR in2001worth up to$2.7935965trillion, to2005growth for3.8302331trillion yuan, in2009to3.9179162trillion yuan. Overall, the value of ESYR is on the rise. From the service function value percentage, water conservation and Soil conservation have large proportion,43.58%and36.16%respectively; Fixing carbon and releasing oxygen function value about11.77%; Purify air function value proportion is6.51%; the percentage of accumulation nutrients function value is the smallest, only1.97%.2. The unit value of ESYR of6.541yuan·m-2·a-1.The area with relatively high unit value of ESYR mainly in the southeastern coast of the qinghai-tibet plateau, parts of wuyi mountain; the area with general unit value of ESYR mainly in Unit area of the service function value of the general area mainly concentrated in the QinBaShan hills, gorges mountain plain area and systems, such as hills region; But Streams, sichuan and yunnan guizhou province mountain and guizhou mountain the original and some other areas have the relatively low unit value of ESYR.3. The order of unit value of ESYR in each administrative region in2009:Fujian, zhejiang, guangxi, guangdong, jiangxi, anhui, shanxi, jiangsu, henan, hunan, sichuan, gansu, hubei, Shanghai, chongqing, yunnan, guizhou, qinghai and Tibet; The order of unit value of ESYR in in each drainage basin:Poyang lake, taihu lake basin, Min river basin, of small river basin and hanjiang river basin, dongting lake basin, jinsha river basin, jialing river basin, wujiang river basin; The order of unit value of ESYR in the mainstream interval:downstream, middle, upstream; The order of unit value of ESYR in the main stand:evergreen broad-leaved forest, evergreen coniferous forest, the fallen leaves coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaved forest, mixed forests, shrub.4. The analysis results of the structural integrity of ESYR in each administrative region in2009:the structural integrity of protection forest ecological system comprehensive service function in guizhou, henan and other regions was complete and reasonable; the structural integrity of the lower reaches of Yangtze River region protection forest ecosystem service function structure relative is incomplete, mainly concentrated in Shanghai, jiangsu, zhejiang and anhui and other regions.5. The comprehensive evaluation results of the structural integrity of ESYR in each administrative region in2009. The comprehensive evaluation index is divided into four levels:excellent, good, fair, poor. The results show that, there is no regin with good condition in TYB, most of the region protection forest ecological system comprehensive service function in the poor and general level, only a few areas protection forest ecological system comprehensive service function at a good level.6. According to ecological compensation priority of PFES,19provinces in TYB divided into three classes:the first kind of region including Tibet, qinghai and gansu and shanxi, Yunnan. In these areas the ecological compensation paid to its economic impact is bigger, will cost more price, so enjoy priority economic compensation right; The second area including fujian, guangxi, sichuan, jiangxi, hunan, anhui, guizhou and hubei. In these areas the protection forest system ecological environment relative stability, but more sensitive, human interference to protection forest ecological system influence is bigger, the region economy is relatively developed, can take a certain degree of ecological compensation expense; The third kind of region including guangdong, chongqing, henan, zhejiang, jiangsu, Shanghai. These regions lack of natural resources, less protection forest cover, but more economically developed. The regional ecological compensation paid to its economic conditions after a little influence on the ecological compensation funds shall be paid.7. About the macroeconomic regulations that the space transfer of protection forest ecosystem service function and the space distribution of ecological compensation:The first kind of area to the second and the third major areas of ecological services output, and accept this two kinds of the region to provide ecological compensation; The second to the third class area in main output ecological service, and accept the third kind of region to provide ecological compensation, and accept the first kind of area of ecosystem services output, also should be to enjoy service the first kind of region to provide ecological compensation; The same kind of region internal, ecological compensation levels of high priority areas to compensate for low level of ecological priority areas ecological services output, low level of compensation for ecological priority areas to ecological priority level high pay compensation in ecological compensation.8. In allusion to the present situation of ESYR, this paper puts forward some measures:"regional shelter forest ecological compensation","classification partition, key management", and "shelter forest kind of diversification, ecological benefit complementary". These control measures provide the scientific basis shelter forest system construction and sustainable development to provide the scientific basis in the Yangtze River basin.