Design On The Grassland Environment Monitoring System Based On Wireless Sensor Network

In the human production life, especially to the protection and perfection of the natural environment, grassland plays a key role that other ecological system can’t replace, such as water and soil conservation, windbreak and sand-fixation, maintaining carbon balance, the influence of climate change, and the production of biological products. What’s more important is that the contemporary social pays great attention to the development of the agriculture. Protecting and raising the prairie plants and animals, holding biodiversity, reasonable herding, maintaining the grassland ecology environment sustainable development become the most important thing.This experiment unifies the project of animal science college in northeast agricultural university, which is "northeast meadows areas bearing capacity of grassland and livestock configuration". The principle is to measure soil nutrients and pH value change after grazing in different season and different carrying capacity, to make a decision that is reasonable grazing, reasonable carrying capacity. In order to more effectively measure soil nutrient composition and pH change, need to monitor factors that influence the environment change, comprehensive analyse and consider the increase or decrease in grassland carrying capacity. This is also the main content of this paper studies. According to the topic needs of animal science college, First of all, measure soil environmental change after grazing in different carrying capacity, to decide reasonable carrying capacity. Secondly, measure the certain areas of the meadow on climate change, monitor the air temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed, light and other factors in the environment, to summarize the influences on carrying capacity and add brick amount of the grassland after climate change of different season.This design used the most popular ZigBee technology at present, combined the latest developments of Internet of Things in domestic and foreign, seted up a wireless sensor network. First of all, combined "northeast meadows areas bearing capacity of grassland and livestock configuration" project requirement, design wireless sensor network based on ZigBee technology. Secondly, the software, hardware and PC design, hardware part includes:RF modules, GPRS module choice; Soil moisture sensor, the soil temperature sensor, air temperature and humidity sensor, rainfall sensor, wind speed, the wind sensor, and light sensor selection; Solar energy power supply system design; Coordinator and sensor node hardware circuit design. Software includes:to further study ZigBee bottom stack, realize the node low power design, and routing way design; Use TinyOS for operating system, complete with nesC language to design each application node. PC parts include:network programming to GPRS, combine asp.net technology, WebGIS technology and SQLServer technology to set up the wireless sensor network remote monitoring system based on B/S structure, develop a PC monitoring software, to realize the function that querying real-time data, history data and features grapH, and data storage, inquires and release etc. Finally, debug and operate the system, build ZigBee wireless sensor network, realize coordinator and GPRS module communications.The innovation points of this paper include:This paper combined wind speed, light sensors with ZigBee technologies, and application in grassland environment monitoring, have not been documented; This paper used many kinds of methods to reduce the power consumption of the system, designed hardware low power by controlling sensor power opens and closes, and designed software low power by the external interruption awaken the method of sleep node; realized data transmission format changes, the system can identify more road coordinator data, and obligate bytes, convenient system extension. The system can be applied to large scope area, keeping it from monitoring area restrictions.The experiment shows that the design will be able to realize the purpose of the grassland environment remote monitoring, havs very strong operability, portability and has more practical meaning.