| Schisandra chinensis is the well-known herb in the northeast of China and has a long medicinal history. It has been prestigious at home and abroad. But in recent years, due to various reasons, wild resources would have dried up and the large artificial cultivation has not yet developed in an all-round way. So the resource in short supply on the market is very prominent.Crop nutrition law is the basis of scientific fertilization. To carry out the laws of S.chinensis nutrition research is to solve the problems, which the amount and proportion of N, P, K in fertilizer ratio is not clear, and what nutrients S.chinensis takes in each growth stage and so on. Unreasonable fertilization will result in Schisandra pests, diseases and the destruction and pollution of soil and surrounding environment. Therefore, in this study we use methods and means of plant nutrition to study dynamics of S.chinensis mineral nutrient elements, soil physical and chemical properties and other aspects.Through regular observation, sampling and the determination of S.chinensis nutrients and soil physical and chemical properties by the field trial, we explore the law of S.chinensis nutrition and fertilizer application. According to the characteristics of S.chinensis growth and the absorption of nutritional elements at different stages, combined with soil fertility could provide a theoretical basis for the rational fertilization technology and a formula basis for the organic fertilizer. This project also could provide theoretical guidance on the production practices, such as large artificial cultivation of S.chinensis.In this experiment,4-year-old and5-year-old S.chinensis seedings were selected as test materials. There were5treatments in the field trial:NP、NK、PK、NPK and control treatment, duplicating3times. Each distract has40plants, applying conventional field management. The fertilizer amount:nitrogen56g/plant; P2O570g/plant; K2O12g/plant. From the mid May, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the leaf and available N, P, K, total N, organic matter in the soil, pH and other indexes had been measured, in order to investigate the nutritional aspects of the4-year-old S.chinensis and5-year-old S.chinensis.The main results are as follows:1. The4-year-old and5-year-old S.chinensis leaves had the similar dynamic changes. Nitrogen and potassium content in leaves had a significant decreasing trend along with the development process. Nitrogen and potassium contents in S.chinensis leaves were relatively high in the leaf-extension period. However, the contents declined smoothly from flowering period to withering period. While the phosphorus content in the leaves shows a "high-low-high-low" wave-like variation. The result showed that phosphorus large storage period was from the middle of berry growth stage to the middle of fruiting stage, and the leaves were the major organ for storing and utilizing phosphorus and made a preparation for transferring to the fruit, which is the nutritional characteristics of the4-year-old and5-year-old S.chinensis. The paper proved that changes of N, P and K contents in4-year-old and5-year-old S.chinensis leaves in the whole growth period were detected.2. The4-year-old and5-year-old S.chinensis had the strongest absorption capacity to nitrogen, followed by potassium. But they absorbed phosphorus the least.5-year-od S.chinensis leaves need more nitrogen and potassium for supplying plant growth and development than4-year-old S.chinensis. The total phosphorus requirement of4-year-old and5-year-old S.chinensis leaves was the same substantially and their phosphorus requirement was also same basically at different growth stages. In reproductive development stage, the demand of5-year-old S.chinensis leaves for nitrogen is more urgent than4-year-old S,chinensis,14days in advance. For the phosphorus and the potassium demand,4-year-old and5-year-old S.chinensis leaves were consistent at time. The biomass of5-year-old S.chinensis was more than4-year-old S.chinensis, needing more nitrogen. So I suggest applying more nitrogen fertilizer to5-year-old S.chinensis or topdressing nitrogen fertilizer before blossoming, using leaf spraying way.3. The available nutrient in soil layer of0-20cm is more than that in20-40cm soil layer. S.chinensis belongs to the shallow root system and mainly distributes in the soil layer of10cm to40cm underground, so it consumes a large amount of nutrients in the20-40cm soil layer. S.chinensis tends to grow traverse stems below the rhizome which are mainly distributed in the5-10cm soil layer underground, spreading in all directions from the traverse stem of the stock plant. The traverse stem depends on the maternal nutrition to grow and can intercept the nutrition from the overground first and is a main organ competing nutrition with the stock plant. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the soil rised initially and then declined. The experiment showed that the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil layer of0-20cm and20-40cm appeared single-peak curve changing law. The total N amount, the organic matter content and pH changes of cultivating4-year-old S.chinensis soil were much smaller. When fertilized by NPK, the soil basic fertility is not influenced greatly.4. In early growth and development period, the N, P, K content of4-year-old and5year-old S.chinensis leaves are higher than the later period. So the S. chinensis need base fertilizer. In the berry growth stage, the phosphorus content of leaves reached a peak. Leaf was as a storage of phosphorus important organ for preparing to transfer to fruit, so this period especially pay attention to topdressing phosphate fertilizer, lest yield reduction. So I suggest spraying foliage fertilization, in order to add needed nutrients for crop quickly and effectively. The result showed that artificial cultivation of S.chinensis needed enough base fertilizer. Before the berry growth period arrival, topdressing phosphate fertilizer was needed3to5days in advance, taking the blade spraying way to meet the demand of plant nutrients. |
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