Study On The Fertilizer Requirement Law Of Nitrogen,Phosphorus And Potassium And Rational Fertilization Of Schisandra Chinensis

Schisandra chinensis is a perennial deciduous woody vine fruit tree,It is mainly distributed in Northeast China,the Korean Peninsula and the Russian Far East.As a new berry,it is favored by consumers in the domestic and foreign markets and has a very broad development prospect.In this study,the superior strain’Zaohong’of S.chinensis was taken as the research object,and the dynamic changes of leaf growth,biomass and nutrient content in various organs were analyzed.After determining the fertilizer requirement law of S.chinensis and the local conventional fertilization amount,we measured on the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in each organ of S.chinensis,and then the’3414’fertilizer effect test was used to analyze the effects of fertilization on photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics of at different development stages.We constructed the most suitable fertilizer effect prediction equation and clarified fertilizer utilization law.It provides a reference for S.chinensis to determine the best fertilization amount and improve quality and efficiency.The main results are as follows:1.Under the condition of open field cultivation,the demand for nitrogen and phosphorus was high from germination stage to flowering stage,and the demand for potassium increased gradually with the growth period.After the berry enlargement period,the demand for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium increased with the enlargement and maturity of the fruit.According to the previous annual dynamic survey of Schisandra nutrient elements,the N fertilizer requirement was 9.68 g/plant.P₂O₅ fertilizer requirement was 2.58 g/plant;the K₂O fertilizer requirement was 4.20 g/plant.On the basis of the law of fertilizer demand,ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was calculated to be 3.75:1:1.88.2.The effects of different fertilization ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on the nutrient content of each organ of S.chinensis were different,and the nutrient content of each fertilization treatment was higher than that of no fertilization treatment.The total nitrogen content of S.chinensis saplings reached the maximum when amount of the N,P and K fertilizer for young plant was 9.68 g/plant,1.28 g/plant and 6.30 g/plant respectively.The total phosphorus and total potassium content reached the maximum when the amount of the N,P and K fertilizer was 9.68 g/plant,1.28 g/plant and 4.20 g/plant respectively.The total nitrogen content of the leaves and fruits of the adult trees of S.chinensis reached the maximum when the amount of the N,P and K fertilizer 85.91 g/plant,11.51 g/plant and 18.91 g/plant.The total nitrogen content of the shoots and roots reached the maximum when the amount of the N,P and K fertilizer was 85.91 g/plant,11.51 g/plant and 37.81 g/plant respectively.The total phosphorus and total potassium content reached the maximum when the amount of the N,P and K fertilizer was 85.91 g/plant,11.51 g/plant and 37.81 g/plant.The analysis of single factor fertilizer showed that the optimal level of fertilizer was the most suitable for the accumulation of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in all organs of S.chinensis,so that the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in organs was the highest.3.The recommended fertilization amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for S.chinensis young trees is 9.35-12.86 g/plant,1.12-1.55 g/plant and 6.51-7.06 g/plant respectively,the dry matter accumulation of S.chinensis young trees is the most;the amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for S.chinensis young trees is 7.72-12.74 g/plant,0.92-1.27 g/plant and 4.62-6.62 g/plant respectively,the length of one-year-old branches of S.chinensis saplings increased the most,and the tree grew the most vigorously.The recommended fertilization amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium for adult trees of S.chinensis was 66.79-89.93g/plant,12.06-12.80 g/plant and 40.61-48.71 g/plant respectively.The length of one-year-old branches of S.chinensis increased the most,which was beneficial to the growth of S.chinensis.4.The amount of N,P and K fertilizer for young plant was 9.68 g/plant,1.28 g/plant,and2.10 g/plant respectively,and the amount of N,P and K fertilizer for adult plant was 85.91g/plant,11.51 g/plant and 18.91 g/plant.The Pnmax,LSP,AQY and CE values of S.chinensis leaves were higher,LCP and R_d values were lower,the utilization range of light energy was larger,the light energy conversion efficiency was higher,and the photosynthetic capacity was stronger.Fertilization mainly affected the activity of PSII.When the amount of N,P and K fertilizer for young plant was 9.68 g/plant,1.28 g/plant and 2.10 g/plant respectively,and the amount of N,P and K fertilizer for adult plant was 85.91 g/plant,11.51 g/plant and 18.91g/plant respectively,the activity of PSII donor side oxygen complex was enhanced,the electron transfer ability was enhanced,the inhibition of photosynthetic mechanism caused by excess light energy in summer was reduced,and the photosynthetic efficiency of S.chinensis was improved.