| Ecological restoration of farmland is one of the important contents of ecological restoration. This paper mainly discussed the influence of natural material such as bamboo charcoal, attapulgite, wood charcoal, the bamboo vinegar and methane fermentation residues on farmland ecosystems.(Ⅰ) The response of arthropod community in rice field to bamboo charcoal, attapulgite and wood charcoal soil ameliorates used to absorb pollutants and amend soil physical and chemical properties was investigated. Relative to the control, individual numbers of araneae, especially the dominant species Coleosoma octomaculatum, increased significantly in fields treated with the three soil ameliorates. The number of C. octomaculatum was over four times higher in both bamboo charcoal and attapulgite treated fields, and over three times higher in wood charcoal treated fields than in the control field. Also compared with the control, individual numbers of phytaphagous insects dropped significantly in fields treated with the three soil ameliorates. The numbers of the target pest Nilaparvata lugens in bamboo charcoal, attapulgite and wood charcoal treated fields were respectively15%,10%and20%of the control field. While araneae dominance significantly increased, that of phytaphagous insects significantly decreased in ameliorated fields. Whereas arthropod community diversity significantly increased in the first year, it was not significantly affected in subsequent year in both bamboo charcoal and attapulgite treated fields. The diversity and complexity of arthropod community in wood charcoal treated fields significantly increased with each passing year. This improved the stability of paddy field ecosystems.(Ⅱ) The effects of bamboo vinegar with different concentrations on seed germination, growth and development, M. persicae, fruit yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were studied by some testing methods with seed germination, irrigating roots in the pots and spraying in the field. The results showed that:(1) The bamboo vinegar with5000X promoted the seed germination significantly, and that with500X inhibited the seed germination significantly.(2) The root length, plant height, living biomass and chlorophyll content of tomato were significantly increased in the pots after irrigating roots with500X bamboo vinegar compared with control. The number of tomato offshoot was not affected significantly by bamboo vinegar with all concentration tested.(3) The chlorophyll content was increased significantly after spraying bamboo vinegar with300X,500X and700X,and the bamboo vinegar with others concentration had no significant effect on the chlorophyll content.(4) The decrease rate of the M. persicae was higher than the control by spraying the bamboo vinegar with different treatments after three days and four days, and showed the higher the concentration, the higher the decrease rate of the aphids.(5) The yield of tomato was significantly increased after spraying bamboo vinegar with500X, and that with others concentration had no significant effect on yield.(6) The organic acid content of tomato was significantly decreased after spraying bamboo vinegar with all concentration. The vitamin C content of tomato was significantly reduced after spraying bamboo vinegar with100X, but it was significantly enhanced after spraying bamboo vinegar with300X,500X,700X,1000X and1500X.(Ⅲ) A preliminary study of response of tomato in yield and quality etc. to different ratios of methane fermentation residues (MFR) to fertilizer was conducted to find out the best fertilization ratio. In additional fertilizer experiment,2weeks after additional fertilizer, the circumference of tomato fruit was significantly increased with1/3fertilizer+2/3MFR as additional fertilizer on ground,and was increased by38%and59%respectively compared with fertilizer. Effect of50%biogas liquid on the circumference of tomato fruit was increased with the increase of content of MFR in the mixing fertilizers, although it was not increased with full content of MFR as additional fertilizer on ground. The number of earthworms showed positive correlation to the content of MFR in the mixing fertilizers, meanwhile, it took negative correlation to biogas liquid.In base fertilizer experiment(CK:control; A:1/2CK+1/2MFR; B:1/3CK+2/3MFR), the results showed that the content of reduced Vc, organic acid and sugar degree in tomato were significantly higher, which were increased respectively by27.46%,27.50%and12.85%in treatment A compared with control. The content of reduced Vc was significantly higher, which was increased by27.58%in treatment B compared with control. Although the content of organic acid and sugar degree were slightly increased by14.26%and9.50%respectively, there were no significant differences on both of that in treatment B compared with control. The soil organic matter were significantly higher, which were increased respectively by4.54%and15.90%in treatment A and B compared with control, and there was significantly higher in treatment B than in treatment A. Incidence of tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease (TYLCVD) infecting tomato plants was significantly lower, which was reduced by46.68%in treatment A compared with control, while there were no significant differences, which was reduced by13.33%in treatment B compared with control. The relative content of chlorophyll of tomato leaves was significantly higher in treatment A than in control at later growth stage of tomato with no additional fertilization, while there was slightly higher but no significant difference in treatment B compared with control. The height, stem diameter and total yield per tomato plant had no significant differences among three treatments. Comprehensive considering, treatment A is the best fertilization ratio in this experiment. |
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