| Pyrola L. belongs to Pyrolaceae, perennial herb, widely distributed, and has important medicinal value. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is generally considered to have effect such as clearing heat and relieving cough, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, curing rheumatism, strengthening bones and muscles, etc. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China records that the whole dry grass of P. rotundifolia or P. decorata, has effect such as, curing rheumatism, strengthening strong bones and muscles, and hemostasis, for the treatment of das Rheuma, opl, waist-leg weakness, menorrhagia, and chronic cough, etc. On the basis of field investigation and laboratory test, this paper studied P. decorata from13sampled plots, using response surface methodology to optimize the extraction process of the total flavonoid of P. decorata, comparing active components and chemical elements content in P. decorata from different plots, analyzing the form of the chemical elements in plants, and drawing the high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint (HPLC) of flavonoid compounds in P. decorata, and using vector-hierarchical methods to reveal the correlation between P. decorata active components content and environmental factors, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the standardized production of Pyrola L.. The conclusions were as follows:(1) Optimized extraction conditions of total flavonoid in P. decorata:solid-liquid ratio of1:20, extraction temperature79℃, extraction time3h, and2times. Under the conditions, the total flavonoid content was22.79mg-g-1, which was up to91.732%of the model prediction. This method was simple, economical and reliable and could be used for the extraction of total flavonoid in Pyrola L.(2) There were significant differences (P=0.006) between total flavonoid and antioxidant activity in the three Pyrola L.. The total flavonoid content of P. rotundifolia was the lowest, reaching18.09mg-g-1, with the strongest antioxidant capacity; total flavonoid content of P. renifolia was the highest, reaching27.26mg-g-1. There were significant differences between active components content and antioxidant activity (DPPHIC50value) of P. decorata in different sampled plots. Total flavonoid content of Emei County in Sichuan Province was the highest, reaching37.82mg-g-1; hyperoside content of Linjiang in Jilin Province was the highest, reaching2.16mg-g-1; tannin and quercetin content of Alashanzuoqi Inner Mongulia were the highest, reaching34.75mg-g-1and147.08μg·g-1, respectively, with the strongest antioxidant capacity. Tannin, quercetin, and hyperoside content were in negative association with DPPHIC50value, yet in significant positive correlation with total flavonoid content.(3) Four chemical elements, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn content in plants of the same plot were quite different. Various plots all showed that the content of Ca was the highest, while that of Zn was the lowest; the differences of the three elements, Ca, Zn, Fe content of various plots were very significant, while that of element Mg was simply significant. Element speciation analysis showed that elements extraction in P. decorata from Taibai Mountain were comparatively higher, between39.11%-54.73%, indicating the higher degree of utilization of P. decorata.(4) Annual average temperature, January average temperature, effective accumulated temperature, annual highest temperature, soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main ecological factors affecting the active components content in P. decorata. Climatic factors had less impact on the four kinds of active components content, and the impact was basically the same; while the soil factors had greater influence on the four kinds of active components content, with the greatest impact on the tannin content, and the smallest impact on hyperoside content.(5) When the cluster coefficient was12.5, the HLPC fingerprint of13batch samples were divided into3groups, in consistent with the morphological classification; while the cluster coefficient was5, it was divided into six groups, indicating inter-specific differences between different sampled plots. Fluctuation range of the similarity coefficient for the13batch samples was wide, while that of the same group was comparatively narrow, and the similarity coefficient within different sampled groups was significantly different (P=0.046). The discriminant analysis extracted three variables, and the correct discriminant of the discriminant function was100%, indicating that the results were scientific and reliable. |
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