Epidemiological Survey Of Brucellosis Among Occupational Groups In Chongming County

Between March and April in2011, two cases of Brucellosis were reported in Chongming County. There had not been this type of case reporting since1986, so the research investigated the two cases and made epidemiological surveys among occupational population as well as the sheep in order to understand the causes of the occurrence and the control of Brucellosis.Part One:Epidemiological Survey of Brucellosis for Two Cases[Objective] The survey aimed to understand the reasons of the re-emergence of Brucellosis in the Chongming County so as to provide a reference for Brucellosis prevention and control work.[Methods] Anti-epidemic staff made household surveys according to "Epidemiological case questionnaire of Brucellosis" unified by Shanghai, collected samples on the scene and made disinfecting.Then the staff made specimens tested on the blood samples.The method of operation and criteria of the test were in accordance with WS269-2007《Diagnostic criteria for Brucellosis》[Results] There reported two cases of Brucellosis in Jianshe town of Chongming County in2011. The two cases were couple and slaughters, belonging to local accounts. Both were50-year-old. The serum antibodies of the two cases and a dog were positive. The remaining specimens were negative. It speculated that they were infected by the outer-borne sheep.[Conclusion] According to the epidemiological investigation of the cases, we can infer that there were three causes for the happening of Brucellosis in the Chongming County.The first was the input of exogenous infected source; the second was the insufficiency of personal protection and disinfection; the third one was the low:rate of vaccine inoculation. For these three causes, we can take a series of prevention and control measures to eliminate the input of infected source, enhance personal protection and disinfection and improve the population vaccination rate so as to control the prevailing of Brucellosis. Part Two:Epidemiological Survey of Brucellosis among Occupational Groups[Objective] The cross-sectional study aimed to survey the infected and carried conditions of Brucellosis among the important occupational groups in Chongming County so as to provide basis for formulating scientific prevention and control measures of Brucellosis.[Methods] The staff of Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Community Sanitary Service Center in Chongming County investigated the occupational population by using random sampling and epidemiological cross-sectional survey according to the self-made "The sheep Brucellosis questionnaire"and"The sheep Brucellosis case information questionnaire" between June2011and February2012.According to the "Brucellosis monitoring and surveillance work pilot program", they sampled blood of the subjects, centrifuged the samples and tested the serum with standard tube agglutination test. The method of operation and criteria of the test were in accordance with WS269-2007《Diagnostic criteria for Brucellosis》. Excel2003software was used for data input、sorting and descriptive statistics.[Results] We sampled8towns of the more key occupational groups in18towns of Chongming County. We investigated127people in8towns, including89males and38females.The ratio of male to female is2.34:1.The minimum age was21years old while the maximum age was76years old, the mean age was52.71±10.23years old and the median age was53years old; There were118people between36years old and70years old, accounting for92.91%.There were99professional people(77.95%)engaging in feeding,18(14.17%) in slaughtering,3(2.36%)in the rearing and slaughtering.3(2.36%) in the slaughtering and selling,3(2.36%) in the slaughtering and processing,1(0.79%) in raising、slaughtering and selling.102professional people belonged to local accounts, accounting for80.31%;25belonging to outer accounts, accounting for19.69%.The minimum working year was0.5years while the maximum working year was30years, the average was5.86±4.85years and the median was4years; there were114people between1-5working years and over10years, accounting for89.76%. The minimum number of sheep was10yearly while the maximum was3000yearly, the median number was120; there were69(69.70%,99people engaged in breeding in all) people feeding0-149sheep yearly while13(77.22%,18people engaged in slaughtering in all) people slaughtering100-350yearly. This was unknown if those animal inputting sources were epidemic areas of Brucellosis. Those contacts did not have similar symptoms of Brucellosis.And there had not been Brucellosis animals reporting or the detection of Brucellosis animals in the local area. There was also no reporting of patients of the Brucellosis-like symptoms around those working places. The most amount of sheep were bought from Xuzhou、Haimen、Lianyungang、Sigan and Baochang. all in the Jiangsu province.22people of127occupational population in8towns had contacted input sheep, among which15in Sanxing town,3in Jianshe town.3in Zhongxing town and1in Gangxi town. The sheep bought by17of the22people were quarantined and got quarantine certificates. The quarantine conditions of others were unknown. The sheep bought by16of the22people were through batch quarantine while others unknown.2samples were positive from127blood samples tested, so the positive rate of the Brucellosis antibody was1.57%.[Conclusion] According to the survey of occupational population, we speculated that the causes of the appearing of two cases of Brucellosis and one infected case in Chongming County since1986included:immunization and quarantine not in place; market supervision not enough; lack of personal protection and health education for Brucellosis.So the key to prevention and control of Brucellosis are to forbid unquarantined sheep being input into Chongming County, and to strengthen personal protection and periodic health checkup of the occupational population.Immunization for the local sheep and social health education are also very important methods of prevention and control of Brucellosis. Part Three:Epidemiological Survey of Brucellosis among Sheep[Objective] The investigation aimed to detect the infecting conditions of Brucellosis among the local sheep and the inputting sheep, track sick animals and take prevention and control measures in time to reduce economic losses.[Methods] Using random sampling to investigate the local sheep and the inputting sheep, collected blood samples and tested antibody of Brucellosis. The method of operation and criteria of the test were in accordance with GB/T18646-2002《The diagnostic techniques of animal Brucellosis》. Using Excel2003for data input、sorting and statistics.[Results] The total investigating number of local sheep were100in55households from10towns.The local sheep were all vaccinated with vaccines of Goatpox and Aftosa while occupational population decided if the local sheep were vaccinated with other vaccines.3batches of inputting sheep were not vaccined and did not pass quarantine, while others we did not know (the total investigating number of inputting sheep were56of7batches from3towns). The main inputting places were Haimen、Qidong and Rugao in the Jiangsu province,others from Shandong province. The test results of the blood samples of100local sheep and56inputting sheep were all negative.[Conclusion] The test results of100local sheep were all negative, which showed that Brucellosis did not spread among the local sheep in Chongming County. The negative results of56inputting sheep partly based on the reinforcement of Quarantine monitoring、the low infection of Brucellosis in those inputting areas、the insufficient monitoring number of sheep and so on.The key to control Brucellosis among livestock (especially among sheep) stands on the reinforcement of quarantine and the raising of immunization rate for the local sheep.To prevent and control Brucellosis, we work in two ways,"control the infection sources" and "protect susceptible livestock"...