The Failure Of New Policy Reform Of Late Qing Dynasty: Based On The Perspective Of Political Ideas

Late Qing is a major event in modern history, so naturally it had already become the focus of the study about the failure since many years ago. Over the past decade, great changes have taken place for the researchers in the history, values, research methods and so on. They put forward many new ideas to overcome the simplistic conceptualization, meanwhile, make a full range of analysis from various angles, The author believes that the failure of the Late Qing is not some artificial, accidental factors, but the focus of several political ideas reflected in the conflict, it is due to the efforts of several political forces leading to the ultimate failure. I will analysis on the basis of previous research results, focusing on the perspective of political ideas of last decade’s "Late Qing" facts.Specific structure of this paper is as follows:The first chapter, introduce the development of the political ideas of Late Qing around the trend, from the Westernization Movement "follow the Western" to the period of the Hundred Days Reform "monarchical Reform", and to the Late Qing period of "constitutional monarchy "because the development of the concept of political is coherence and continuity, the Qing government’s reform measures are also by the institutional changes gradually shift to the regime change, the rulers’political ideas are deepen step by step; the second Chapter, describes the comprehensive history of the Late Qing on the background and its specific historical overview, it is divided into four parts:the beginning-"encyclical about political reform," the promulgation of transition-"Preparation for Constitutionalism" The introduction of high tide-"constitutional framework" of the development and the end-"a major doctrine," I will analysis the concept of the ruling class form the specific measures of the Qing government, and political forces will be apart for four according to the interests of different sectors, different political demands, Follow-up respectively in the four chapters will devote their political ideas, and the contact with the failure of New Policy Reform; the third Chapter will introduce the political concept from the empress of the Qing Dynasty nobility; the forth Chapter, the political ideas represented by Zhang zhidong; the fifth Chapter, the political ideas for Constitutionalists represented by Liangqichao; the sixth Chapter, the political ideas for revolutionary represented by Sunzhongshan; Finally, the last Chapter, by comparing the serious political differences between the concepts of the four major political factions, I will resolve the resulting sharp opposition of political demands, precisely because the Qing government can not reconcile the political demands of conflicts within and outside the system, which leading to political frustration, then, the political forces separate, so that the authority of the Qing government completely lost legitimacy, and ultimately the various political forces work together to promote the Late Qing to the inevitable failure.