Internal Governance, The Maintenance And Operation Of Chinese Traditional Power System

The internal governance of Chinese feudal dynasties, which means the suppression, mending,adjustment as well as the check and balance relation of power, is an important link to maintainChinese traditional system running successfully.An internal governance of Guangxu Years was taking as the object of this study. Guangxudynasty is the demarcation point between late Qing Dynasty and modern political history. Wechose time slot from the first year of Guangxu dynasty to the21styear of Guangxu dynasty as theend. An internal perspective was selected to analyze this operation of traditional power system inthis period. The modes and characteristics of Chinese traditional system operation and maintenancewere overviewed under the consciousness of old and new political transition problem in the lateQing Dynasty.In the first part, quantitative analysis was finished about internal political reformation ofGuangxu dynasty on the basis of cases statistics, from which we found that the central stratum hadits special characteristic to maintain their ruling power and conventional system such as thechanges of intensity, emphasis, object of punishment, composition of cases and investigationmeans, as well as the objective of internal management. A new mode was used to analyze thecharacteristics of internal management in Guangxu dynasty.In the second part, several cases such as scramble for the control power of streamshipmerchants group, guilty for negotiation of Chonghou, trouble case of Hubei barracks and Yunnanfraud crime cases were studied, in order to discover the specific power tactics and subtle controlmeans of internal governance and then to get the characteristics of traditional political in Guangxudynasty. In the third part, a new political power turned up in Guangxu dynasty which broke down thethe system of check and balance of power. Empress Dowager Cixi established it by press Yi Xinand prop Li Hongzhang group to form foreign affairs system in Tongzhi dynasty. Thedifferentiation and opposition between the die-hards and westernization forces were formed whichled to the readjustment of original power relation. As a result, three kinds of forces foreign affairssystem, the die-hards and Qingliu group were at the pinned state. The process of political powerfrom disorder to balance by internal power operation was also observed.In the fourth part, the differences between internal governance of Guangxu Years and modernpolitical were summarized. The characteristics of Chinese traditional politics were figured outthrough placing the internal governance of Guangxu Years under the old-to-new political transitionin the late Qing Dynasty.