The Governance And Control Of Turpan's Grass-roots Society In The Early Years Of Guangxu (1877-1884)

Turpan,which is located in the eastern part of Xinjiang,is one of the important channels for the Mainland to open up in Xinjiang.It is also the area where the North and the South meet and the geographic location is very important.There are both Han people from the Mainland and Hui Muslims.Due to its complex ethnic composition,the Qing Dynasty implemented diversified management model based on the local custom in Xinjiang,which included both the system of Zhou Xian in the interior,and the Zhasake system and the Burke system in border areas.Tongzhi,junwang,and the leaders of the grass-roots level work together to govern and control grass-roots society.Zuo zongtang regained Turpan in 1877,after which a series of postwar recovery and reconstruction were carried out.In this process,there are some changes in the basic social governance methods that are different from the past.However,the previous studies paid much attention to the period before and after the establishment of Xinjiang Province,and often overlooked the period of the early years of Guangxu.However,this article tries to compare the governance and control systems of grassroots society in the early years of Turpan's recovery,and compares the middle and early Qing Dynasty.The local grassroots social control system in Turpan revealed the characteristics and changes of the social control system at the basic level of Turpan in the late Qing period.The first chapter discusses the governance and control of grassroots society by Turpan's Tongzhi in the early years of Guangxu.In the Qing Dynasty,the same people in the Qing Dynasty were similar to the county officials in the Mainland,and they can be seen as grassroots officials who manage local government affairs.Compared with the period of military rule,the authority of Turpan's Tongzhi itself has been expanded in the early years of Guangxu,reflecting a change of Limin Tongzhi to the Fumin Tongzhi.At the same time,the authority of Tongzhi extends to the Junwang of Zhasak in the eastern part of Turpan,and has jurisdiction over the leaders of the grassroots in the eastern and western regions.It strengthens the government's commitment to the grass-roots The intensity of control.The second chapter discusses the governance and control of grassroots society by Xunjian of Turpan in the early years of Guangxu.In the early years of Guangxu,the responsibilities of the inspection and development of the inspections of Turpan were no longer limited to Law and order or inspecting local thieves warehouses and other things,but included investigating accounts,placing refugees,taking charge of the Sericulture Bureau,collecting lessons,and handling disasters and so on.The expansion of the authority between the two in the judicial area,especially the Pizhan Xunjian,even has the authority to directly entertain and handle disputes.Strengthen governance and control of grass-roots society by the way of adjutant managing local.The third chapter discusses the governance and control of grass-roots society by Turpan's grass-roots leaders in the early years of Guangxu.In the early years of Guangxu,the chiefs of Sumu,Taiji,Daergua,Milabu,and Village convention in Turpan society still had certain administrative authority over the grassroots.However,all the leaders have been included in the jurisdiction of the Tongzhi,the power of the Tongzhi over them,including the original only under the jurisdiction of the king of Taiji,Daergua,Mirabu.The power of the government,represented by an acquaintance,has strengthened the management of local leaders and further deepened the grassroots society.Conclusion.In the early years of Guangxu,the governance and control system of Turpan society showed a general trend of strengthening government power.This trend is manifested in changes in Turpan's Tongzhi and Xunjian authority,as well as local leaders'governance and control of the people.The government strengthened the control of the grass-roots leaders to strengthen the governance and control of grass-roots society.The changes in the governance and control methods of grassroots society such as Turpan are not the same in terms of methods compared with Sichuan,Jiangnan,and Guangdong regions where scholars are more concerned.However,judging from the overall trend,it shows a kind of government power to deepen and strengthen the grass-roots society,and it can be called the imperial power extend to the county.