Exploration On The Utopia Path To Overcome The Capitalist Dilemma

Since the enlightenment movement and rationalism replaced the divinity, people make more and morewealth, and lived a richer life than ever before. Though people begin to lead rich and comfortable life, theygradually give up the pursuit for the true, good and beautiful elements in life, the negative, critical andtranscendent opinions has been suppressed by scientific technology. It is because of the development ofrationalism that makes science and technology a tool to rule people rather than a tool to liberate people.Especially in the20century, with the rapid development of science and technology and application in largescales as well as in unlimited ways, leading to a more tense relationship between man and nature, such asthe destruction to the ecological environment and the pollution and exhaustion to natural resources, allthese problems make people to ponder: should we continue to rely on high investment, and the high cost ofliving? With the threat of nuclear weapons, global warming, ecological crisis worldwide, people realizethat science and technology seems to be the tragic destiny that human beings can’t escape. In this context,the dystopian ideas came to the stage, and taking the leading position. The dystopian thought describeshow people are repressed, and become alienated in the society of highly developed science and technology.In that society, the future of the human beings is the terrifying hell. In order to solve these problems, someexperts and scholars are focusing on dystopian ideas.Utopia thought has a long history, from Plato’s "dream land" to Frankfurt school "the liberation ofutopia". It is Thomas Moore who used "Utopia" for the first time, in the book "about the perfect nationalsystem and the new island is beneficial of Utopia and interesting gold book." The word "Utopia" comesfrom two different Greek words: eutopia (lucky Promised Land) and outopia (zero of the township).Therefore, it covers the meaning of both the pursuit of "lucky paradise" and a place couldn’t be possiblyexisted. The ambiguity of this word makes different people hold a different opinion towards the word. Thedifferences are displayed in three aspects: firstly, the utopia is elusive and unrealistic illusion; Secondly,utopia is totalitarian; Thirdly utopia is a kind of spiritual power. It is the three kinds of meaning that giventhe "Utopia" a realistic function of criticizing the reality, and become one of the ways to transcendcapitalism trouble. Therefore, utopia provides three prescriptions to solve capitalism dilemma, and they are: subjectivemethod, regression method, the real transformation method. Subjective law refers to the specific utopia. Itcorresponds with people’s rational depression, and the main loss of subject consciousness since theindustrial revolution and the rapid development of science and technology. Through the wake up ofpeople’s main subject consciousness, it makes people become aware that it is the people who are the mainbody of hope, and thus forms external road of completion of the transcendence of the capitalist society;Regression method refers to the green utopia. It holds the opinion that the cause of the crisis, thelarge-scale application of scientific technology severely damaged the ecological environment,, is rooted inthe cultural awareness, the social structure and the capitalist system, and therefore to overcome capitalismdilemma, one has to overthrow the existing system, to change people’s cultural concept, and to usesmall-scale technology or intermediate technology, instead of the current large-scale technology, or hardtechnology. By constructing small areas of green, and then people may achieve the goal of global green;Real reform law refers to the Utopian socialism. It believes that the dilemma of the capital society lies inlacking of a good social system, therefore based on the reasonable deduction, it creates a perfect socialsystem, using propaganda, public opinion to convince people, especially those who are rich and in leadingpositions. Real reform law suggests constructing small demonstration areas in capitalist society, with theincreasing number of these demonstration areas, it will even leads the world out of the capitalist society.Specific utopia, green utopia, and utopia socialism, the three prescriptions to go beyond capitalistsociety put forward many valuable advices, but to people, they are still not sufficiently realistic in dealingwith the reality of the survival and development, liberation of common people. In this aspect, although weshould admit that utopia has positive function in criticizing, prompting, and motivating people, it isdifficult to achieve the result it has expected due to its limitation. Based on real social life, Marx’scommunist theory inherited the utopia of criticism, surpassing function, and it establishes new communistworld by criticizing and deconstructing the old world. To deal with the crisis, the only correct way issticking to the Communism.