The Study On The County Magistrate Groups Of Henan Province During The Republic Of China(from The Year Of1927to The Year Of1937)

The county magistrate system of Nanjing National Government had deep political background and theory origin.It was based on the Beiyang government’s county system reform, and further standardized the county magistrate’s selection and management system; It was the result of constantly revising Sun Yat-sen’s county self-administration thought according to the development of the society situation. As a revision of the process, in order to maitain the domestic security environment and monitor the rural grassroots,the Nanjing National Government’s construction of the county regime that showed a deviation from Sun Yat-sen local autonomy thought, and toward more into the trend of bureaucratic control system that is the development of bao-jia system.Take Henan county magistrate group for example, by discussing the system of county magistrate selection, assessment, rewards and punishment and so on, and analysing of the county magistrate’group appearance include origins, ages, record of formal schooling, and interpreting the county magistrate’s,cognition of local bao-jia system、extermination bandits, enlightenment and judiciary,it can be seen:Compared with Beiyang government,Nanjing National Government further broked native place challenge system,and it was a commom phenomenon that the county magistrates mostly come from native province even native county. This phemomenon made the native place challenge system turn into a dead letter.Nanjing national government county magistrate’s age was younger than Beiyang government. In the period of the Beiyang government, the background of the county magistrates of henan were mostly traditionally imperial examination and donation,while the county magistrates of Nanjing national government were from new schools,and a big part of them undergone higher education even studied abroad.The old officials of Qing dynasty basically quit county magistrate stage. Due to political unrest and county magistrates personal factors nanjing national government county magistrates’term of office were generally short.To do something was apparently unlikely for county magistrates in the short period of office. In addition, abusive retribution and deficits in the salaries seriously affected the county magistrates’positivity of county government. The KMT regime functions at the county can’t effectively play, aggravated the government and people’s opposition, and exposed the vulnerability of the government of the KMT.The county government which was very important was put in the marginal status by the KFT, and ultimately become one of the important reasons for the fall the KMT rule.