The Typology Study In Archaeolgy For Burial Mounds In The Upstream District Of Zhang River, South Area Of Anhui Province

Burial mound is a unique burial, which characterized mound of Shang and Zhou dynasties to the middle and south region of Yangtze River, in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and south of Anhui province. These different sizes of mounds exist the majority of the concentration of groups of contiguous, and a small number of scattered. Burial mound in south of Anhui province is an important area of the research about the south region of Yangtze River. As early as1998, according to the distribution of natural geographic features in southern Anhui province, Mr. Yangnan classified to the Ningzhen part, which is the western part of burial mounds cultural district in southern Yangtze River. In2002, Mr. Gong Xicheng divided burial mounds in the southern Anhui province into four parts, which basis in burial mounds’ distribution and characteristics, combined with natural geographic conditions. He suggested that the Nanling cultural district, the center of Zhanghe, can be an independent cultural district.The area of Zhang River in the southern Anhui province is located in Wuhu city Anhui province, the north part of southern Anhui province and the south bank of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The upstream of Zhang River refers to the southern area in Nanling county, which meas the present area of Gelin town, Xinyi and Pailou administrative village, between N30°40’to N31°10’, E117°57’to118°20’. There are Liujia mountain, Qianfeng mountain and Longtou mountain, and also the important Zhang River, with other unknown reservoirs. There are mainly three burial mounds regions in the upstream of Zhang River, such as Liujia mountain in Huamei village Xinyi administrative village Sanli town, Longtou mountain in Pailou administrative village Sanli town, and Qianfeng mountain in Qianfeng and Guanzhou administrative village Gelin town.In this paper, it discusses from point to plane about the overall appearance of burial mounds in the upstream district of Zhang River, south area of Anhui province. It basis in the analysis of material about this area in1989and2010, which comes from the research of Anhui province Institute of Archaeology. Also it combines with survey data about the burial mounds in Nanling county. This article’s discourse structure is sum-up, separately expound, sum-up.Firstly, it sums up the current domestic of burial mounds in southern Anhui province, especially in the situation of Nanling region. Then, it focuses on three regions in the upstream of Zhang River in a separate section. Lastly, it comparative analysis of the distribution, type of burials, and excavations about the three regions in the upstream of Zhang River. All of these are for understanding the overall cultural landscape about burial mounds in this area. With this serious of work and materials of cultural attributes have been completed, it can infer that Wu and Yue culture is the main origins, the cultural expansion caused by Chu culture eastward expansion. And it cannot be ignored is the impact of Hushu culture in Ningzhen area.According to these researches, we know that burial mounds in Zhang River origins from the Western Zhou Dynasty as early as the mid. Shaft tombs affect and gradually replace the local traditional burials.It lasted to the early Warring State period. Burial mounds in accordance with mountains, which arranged in a ridge with a pattern, while which at the foot of mountain, mostly for the cluster, scattered arrangement. Also, burial mounds located in the ridge is usually high elevation, obvious uplift and still relatively intact. While, burial mounds at the foot of mountain are mostly diffuse slope-shaped distribution, and mounds’ diameter is larger than the actual diameter owing to years of soil erosion or building.It can generally draw a relatively independent unit with the ridge and its subsidiary the hillside area on these burial mounds distribution. Each burial mound units have mountain red apart. Usually, within a unit of each burial mound, if there is a large mound, there will be surrounded with several smaller mounds, or arrangement with the center as radial distribution. The center burial mound in a unit is not only manifested in its connotation of excavations, but also in its bulldozer scale. In a unit, if there are closely dependent burial mounds, with the same period excavations in a similar type, number, and characteristics, they will be most likely for a family burial mound.The type and content of excavations in Liujia mountain region is relatively barren. There are many stained hard-pottery with local characteristics. May be it’s geographical region closed stronger. In Qianfeng mountain region, there are many stone implements and potteries mixed with sand, not found potteries made of fine clay. Based on these, we can know that this region is earlier, and they never pay much attention on the screening of pottery clay. In Longtou mountain region, it has the most abundant type, quantity and content of excavations, and coupled with the phenomenon of the rich-poor divide.So it has a better cultural connotation of inheritance.The number and types of red pottery unearthed in these regions is much more than the gray pottery. This can be corroborated from the side, in Western Zhou dynasty, there are local manufacturing life pottery with local soil. Meanwhile, in this area and the Western Zhou Dynasty, it distributed with many table shaped ruins and ancient copper Yizhi. Maybe this phenomenon has a close relationship with burial mounds.Although there are many similar cultural characteristics with Ningzhen parts on the distributions in grave, graves and excavations, it prominent on the cultural phenomenon with local characteristics. Overall, I think the regions of the upstream district of Zhang River, southern Anhui province could be independent.