Intellectual View Of The Soviet Union(1945——1949)

At the beginning of1945, the victory in European battlefield was in sight, but the situation of Pacific battlefield was still austere. In order to accelerate the surrender of Japan, the United States offered the Yalta deal as the reward for Soviet Union declaring war on Japan. Finally in August8,1945, the USSR declared war on Japan, the Soviet Red Army marched into Northeast China, gave Japan the last bash and help China gain the final victory of the Anti-Japanese war in August15,1945. At that moment, the intellectuals were not aware of the existence of Yalta deal, the arrival of the rapid victory makes intellectuals full of praise and gratitude to the Soviet. At the same time, the victory of the Anti-Japanese War also made Chinese intellectuals rise up the inner passion, that they desired that China could not only gain the victory of the war but also long-term peace, so as to create conditions for reconstruction. Therefore, Chinese intellectual circles wished a good relationship between the two countries. After the World War Ⅱ, the USSR has grown to be the world’s only country which was paralleled with the United States, and its international political and economic strength all rose. Facing the super power on the north of China, the intellectuals felt very complex:the sacrifice of the Soviet Union in World War Ⅱ makes intellectuals regarded it as the pillars of world peace, and guessed that the Soviet Union declared war on Japan based on justice. At the same time, the conflict between China and the Soviet Union since1928, some deeds of the Soviet chauvinism and its power made intellectual be in the worry.In August14,1945, the Soviet Union signed a" Treaty of friendship and alliance" with the Kuomintang government before Japan surrendered to ensure that the gains of Yalta Conference can be realized. In the face of Sino-Soviet Treaty of friendship and alliance", the intellectuals showed considerable tolerance and restraint, and supported the signing of the treaty, considering it is worth treating Mongolia and "two harbors","two railways" for Northeast China and thirty years’ peace for China which was in" a golden opportunity". Afterwards, due to the conflict of the United States of America ’s" open door policy" and the Soviet’s "sphere of influence" policy in the northeast region, it made the reception of northeast region full of uncertainty, which eventually led to the failure of the reception project of the Kuomintang government. In February1946, Zhang Shenfu events and the release of "Yalta agreement" made the domestic anti-Soviet sentiment soar up, eventually it developed into turbulent anti-Soviet parade. So far, the feelings of the intellectual circles to the Soviet Union varied from worry, compromise, and finally to dissatisfaction with suspicion. It is worth mentioning that from the standpoint of peaceful reconstruction, the intellectuals had always supported the government to maintain friendly diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.With the outbreak of the civil war, China stood on the crossroads of history, facing the choice of the future road, which enabled Chinese intellectuals to learn and analyze the economic and political system more deeply, in order to get inspiration to find a suitable economic and political system for China.