A Study On The Grammaticalization Of The Opposite Composite Modal Adverbs In Modern Chinese

Affirmative and negative are two categories that exist in almost all languages. This paperfocuses on the analysis of the opposite composite modal adverbs“duōshǎo（多少）”，“hǎodǎ（i好歹）”，“zǎowǎn（早晚）”，“chízǎo（迟早）”，“shǐzhōng（始终）”，“zuǒyòu（左右）”，“héngshù（横竖）”，“fǎnzhèng（反正）”，“sǐhuó（死活）”in modern Chinese. According tofrequencies in affirmative or negative of the9words are different, they are divided into threecategories. This paper tries to via synchronic and diachronic analysis of the three categories toreveal the conditions of grammaticalization of the opposite composite modal adverbs and thereasons that the opposite composite modal adverbs replace each other.There are seven chapters in this paper.Chapter one focuses on five parts: reasons of the research, the definition, the research status,the study limitations and the object of study, data sources and research methods of the oppositecomposite modal adverbs.Chapter two focuses on three parts: The first section explains the basis, methods and theprinciple of classification of the opposite composite modal adverbs. The second section mainlydescribes synchronic grammatical features of the opposite composite modal adverbs in modernChinese. The third section counts the grammaticalization degree of the9words.Chapter three focuses on explains the grammaticalization process, cause, rank and conditionsof the affirmative opposite composite modal adverbs. The analysis conclusions are: there are tworeasons of the grammaticalization of the affirmative opposite composite modal adverbs, the first isthe meaning of "quantity" in semantics, the second is the inevitable fact and hope fact coincidewith psychological positive significance.Chapter four focuses on explains the grammaticalization process, cause, rank and conditionsof the affirmative or negative opposite composite modal adverbs. The analysis conclusions are: there are two reasons of the grammaticalization of the affirmative or negative opposite compositemodal adverbs, the first is equalization of the meaning of "quantity" in semantics.,the second is theimportance of “Metaphor" role in the semantic subjectification.Chapter five focuses on explains the grammaticalization process, cause, rank and conditionsof the negative opposite composite modal adverbs. The analysis conclusions are: there are tworeasons of the grammaticalization of the negative opposite composite modal adverbs, the first isthe meaning of "quantity" in semantics, the second is the inevitable fact and despair facts coincidewith psychological negative significance.Chapter six focuses on explains the conditions of grammaticalization of the oppositecomposite modal adverbs and the reasons that the opposite composite modal adverbs replace eachother. The conditions of are three: suitability of semantic, induction of syntactic environment,influence of double syllable. The reasons that they replace each other are Phonetic Evolution andother reasons.Chapter seven is the conclusion, summarizes the whole thesis.