Phonological Study Of Yanshan Dialect

Yanshan County is located in the southeastern part of Hebei province, and its dialectbelongs to the Cang zhou of JI-Lu Mand arin. Yanshan dialect has lots of reasearch value, butat the present time our linguists have not done enough in-depth research. In this article wetake Chengguan town of Yanshan County as the dialect point, based on the field survey,describe the phonetic form, phonetic features and development law of Yanshan dialect staticlyand dynamicly from the synchronic and diachronic two aspects, so it can provide somereference medias to the Cangzhou dialect research.This paper focuses on five issues. First, we describe the phonetic system of Yanshandialect staticly,make the homophone list, and discuss the continuous tone sandhi, suffixation,and specific pronunciation problems. Second, we compare the medieval voice with Yanshandialect from consonants, vowels and tones, then try to observe the speech development pathfrom the longitudinal perspective. Third, we inquire into Yanshan dialect and the study of thespeech system in modern times, revealing the characteristics of the developing about Yanshandialect pronunciation. Fourth, we mainly discusse the different pronunciations in Zhi ZhuangZhang of Yanshan dialect and the evolution of ru-tone. Last,we analyse the differencesbetween Yanshan dialect and Mandarin pronunciation respectively from the analysis of initialconsonants, vowels, tones, and the countermeasures to popularize the Mandarin.We analyze it and drawe the following conclusions:First, there are23consonants,37vowels and3tones in Yanshan dialect system. It has acomplex phenomenon about Continuous tone sandhi of the dialect, and a large number of ERHua Word. The dialect has some special pronunciations due to sound changes by the languagestream.Second, from medieval times to modern times, the general trend of the evolution ofConfluence is sampling in consonants, vowels and tones. In respect of initials, the proportionof words belonging to ZHI/ZHUANG/ZHANG initials is much larger than the words inMandarin. This kind of division has a relationship of some kind with the rhyme，the grade andthe classes of syllables. Ancient initials belongs to YI/YING/YI/YUN these four consonants, KAIKOUHU words and zero initial words in Mandarin, these two kinds of initials are read as“” consonant in the dialect. In respect of finals, the ending of a final of an open syllablebelonging to SHAN/XIAN initials has been weakened and turned into nasalizations. Thefinals of words belonging to GUO/YU initials in ancient times has now turned into “o” or“uo” in Mandarin, but in Yanshan dialect they has been changed into “” or “u”. In respectof tones, the first tone and the third tone of the voiced initials has amalgamated; ancient fourthtone has splited into morden first tone, third tone and fourth tone. The conditons ofdeveloping are related to the surd and the sonant.Third, Yanshan dialect has changed a lot in modern times, initials has changed from19to23, finals has decreased from46to37, tones has reduced from4to3. In respect of initials,retroflex consonant in Zhongyuan Yinyun has splited into retroflex consonant and supradental.Some zero initial words with “u” as the key final in Zhongyuan Yinyun has changed theirinitials to “”, and some zero initial words with “a/o/e” as the key final has changed theirinitials to “”. Part of unaspirated initials of labial and blade-alveolar in Zhongyuan Yinyunare read as aspirated ones. Bilabial sound in Zhongyuanyinyun can put together withHEKOUHU,however,bilabial only can put together with “u”vowel in Yanshan dialect.Inrespect of finals, the “m” ending of a final in Zhongyuan Yinyun has disappeared, and part ofthem has turned into nasalizations, some other ending of finals has turned into “n”; the vowel“y” has brought out from the head vowel “iu”, so the four classes of syllables has established.The retroflex consonant “” also has brought out from the vowel “”. In the respect of tones,the second tone in Zhongyuan Yinyun and the third tone in Yanshan dialect has come into one,ancient fourth tone of surd is originally the second tone in Zhongyuan Yinyun, but in Yanshandialect they has splited into the first tone, third tone and the fourth tone.Four, in this paper the way to promote Mandarin has been put forward according to thephonetic features of Yanshan dialect.Here is the innovation point of this article: we describe the basic phonetic system,suffixation of a nonsyllabic "r", continuous modified tone and the phonetic system of Yanshan dialect.According to comparison, we get the source and characters of Yanshandialect. And the suggestions are also put up about how to study Mandarin in this localism areaaccording to the phonetic features.