Research On Chinese Adverb "is"

The adverb "DOU" in modern Chinese is divided into the range adverb and the modal adverb. This thesis discusses the difference between the range adverb "DOU1" and the modal adverb "DO U2"roundly and detailed on the basis of former researches. The main difference includes the feat ures of syntax、semantics and pragmatics and the relations among each senses.First, we summarize the research findings of the adverb "DOU" in four aspects:the number o f the senses, the definition, the direction of semantics, the restrictions of the pragmatics, and then point out the deficiencies of the researches of the adverb "DOU".There are many treatises like the Eight Hundred Words of Modern Chinese, divide the adverb "DOU" into the range adverbs, the modal adverb and the time adverb. Our viewpoint is that the t ime adverb "DOU3"should be regarded as the modal adverb, cause the mean "ALREADY" of "DOU3" is not attributed itself but generate from the structure "DOU......LE".The range adverb "DOU1" is a kind of universal quantifiers. But the function of distribution o f "DOU1" is different from other classical universal quantifiers. It means that each member belon gs to the NP (before the adverb "DOU") possess the feature of the verb or involve in the affair of VP. So "DOU1"appears with other universal quantifiers. But it can’t appear with relation-noun, c ause the general of "DOU1".According to the analyses of presupposition and transformation, we know that the semantics of "DOU1" directs to the components ahead, not to the components behind. And the NP can be p lural and singular. If the NP is singular, the NP which can be decompounded in smaller parts sho uld quantified used "DOU1". Sometimes, the affected target of "DOU1" hides in the presuppositi on. And the use of "DOU1" restricted by pragmatics. The NP must denote a large number by subj ective knowledge of speaker, and all the definite, the indefinite and non-definite of the NP can be the quantified objects of the"DOU1". The VP in the structure of "DOU1" must be a repeated or c ontinued action. And the demand of quantity of the "DOU1" will influence VP too. Whether NP or VP, The key point of appear with "DOU1" is "more quantity".The modal adverb "DOU2" has two functions:indicate mood and sum up. The most importan t function of "DOU2" is to indicate mood, but still retains the function to sum up. The modal adv erb "DOU2" is different from the range adverb "DOU1". The direction of semantics of "DOU2" c an be ahead or behind. And the ahead or behind components must be the highest degree or the lo west degree in pragmatics. The component is the highest degree in affirmative structure, and the lowest degree in the negative structure. And except to indicate mood, other mean of "DOU2" is "the others are the same". This thesis discuss the relationship among each senses of "DOU" by grammaticalization, and the difference between "DOU3"and "DOU2". The grammaticalization of "DOU" is:the range ad verbs "DOU1"�'the modal adverbs"DOU2"�'the modal adverbs"DOU3". The modal adverbs "DOU2" and "DOU3" are different in function, the direction of semantics and the character of the components. "DOU3" doesn’t have the function to sum up, but indicate "the unusual situation ofs peakers". The grammaticalization of "DOU" comply the rule of grammaticalization:"from con c rete to abstract, and to more abstract".This thesis also compares the adverb "DOU" between Chinese and Korean. The range adverb s "DOU1" is similar to "MODU/DA" in Korean. There are two differences. First, "DOU1" used in three circumstances:to indicate everything, to indicate one by one and to indicate random. But "MODU/DA" must used to indicate everything. Second, "DOU1" must appear in the sentence.b ut "MODU/DA" is not. The modal adverb "DOU2" is similar to "DO" in Korean. These two wor ds indicate "the others are the same" according to description of polarity. The modal adverb "DO U3" is similar to "MODU/DA". This asymmetry mainly caused by the different cultures and the different codes of language.