Czech Adverbial And Chinese Degree Complement And Adverbial Contrastive Analysis And Its Application In Teaching

The Czech language, as a member of the inflective language family, does not employ post verbal complements which are the typical construction for Chinese and other isolating languages. The only sentence constituents which modify the predicate verb are adverbials. There are two possibilities for translating the Czech adverbial into Chinese:the first is to translate it as a Chinese preverbal adverbial, while the second is to use it in a position of post verbal degree complement. In the Chinese language, there is a significant difference between these two grammatical features, but, with Czech students of Chinese, the use of the two grammatical features are often confused. The particular translation is always dependent on the context and also on language intuition. As there is a lack of any kind of research in this field in Czech sinology studies, we sometimes encounter grammar or syntactic issues in Chinese teaching practice which we are not able to deal with in a proper way. So, there are problems caused by these issues for Chinese language students as well. Hence the present paper, by means of comparative analysis of sample sentences, sums up rules of using Chinese adverbials and degree complements and puts forward some suggestions for Chinese language teaching practice in the Czech environment.The present paper contains five chapters. The first section of the first chapter explains the problems caused by the interchangeability of Chinese adverbials and degree complements and the motivation for selecting this topic. The second section then introduces the status quo in the field of similar or relevant studies by both Chinese and foreign researchers and offers a brief insight into the tradition of Chinese studies in the Czech Republic. The third section explains the origin of the language material to be analyzed. As the present paper joins together two different traditions of Chinese language studies, the fourth section deals with terminology unification and explains the terminology adopted for the purpose of this research.Before proceeding to the analysis itself we introduce all the related grammatical or syntactical features one by one. Therefore the fist part of the second chapter describes Chinese adverbials, their syntactic position and functions and gives a brief outline of their classification. The same description of the degree complement is presented in the second section. In the third section we ponder the semantic differences between the Chinese adverbial and the degree complement and by means of a concept of Chinese sentence structural logic we offer our understanding of this phenomenon.The first part of the third chapter focuses on a detailed description of Czech adverbials, their syntactic functions and relevant classification. To aid the reader’s understanding, numerous examples are also given. Being aware of the significance of the order of Chinese and Czech sentence constituents, a brief explanation of this phenomenon as well as the functional sentence perspective concept is given in the second part.In the fourth chapter, we finally proceed to the comparative analysis itself. In the first section we explain the thinking behind the selection of sample sentences as well as the adopted method of analysis. In the second section these sample sentences are divided into two groups according to the rules formulated during the analysis. Each group contains comparisons of original sample sentences and their grammatical opposites as well as brief explanations of proposed rules. The third part is dedicated to the rule’s broader explanation and summary and suggestions for Chinese language teaching in the Czech environment.The last chapter sets out the paper’s final conclusion.