The Ming And Qing Dynasties Jiaodong Family And Society At The Grass-roots Level

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,some Jiaodong families from other areas developed intorespected and influential clans. These immigrants had a legend that their ancestors came from“Xiao-Yunnan” at Hongwu-Second-Year, which clan-literature, for example family-genealogycould supplyed such records for us. The location of Xiao-Yunnan has become a historicalproblem. This paper analysis mutual proof of history and literature, and think that Xiao-Yunnan isnot a historical memory, but it is commonly known as a real geographical area, refering to theYunnan County auspicious clouds. Hongwu-Second-Year(1369), although not be included in theterritory of Yunnan in Ming Dynasty, but its population moved to Jiaodong possibily.The reasonthat Jiaodong respected and influential clans said their ancestor move to Jiaodong inHongwu-Second-Year? This paper, through gradual deconstruction in Hongwu-Second-Year (1369)the history of Yunnan, deems that in Hongwu-Second-Year, namely1369, for escaping war thepopulation of Xiao-Yunnan area moved to the control area. Hongwu-Second-Year is the beganningtime of immigrantion.Calendar Title of Xiao-Yunnan and Ming Dynasty controlling area haddiffrence name of1369, the Xiao-Yunnan immigrants lived in the Ming Dynasty annals lawenvironment after leaving to Jiaodong, as a result they were more easy remember"Hongwu-Second-Year". Hongwu-Second-Year(1369), the ancestor of Jiaodong family fromYunnan to the local had high possibility, rather than simply connected Yongle Yunnan immigrants.During the lately of Yuan dynasty and early of Ming dynasty, immigration to Jiaodong’spopulation gradually integrated into the local society, reproducing, developing to a family, andbecome the new inhabitants. Because of their different development direction of householdregistration and have different development path. The development of Wei-suo family (namedfrom military guard system of Ming Dynasty) relying on military-rise is the basic condition of thedevelopment of family, and the imperial examination has provided new conditions for the familydevelopment. So the family had both military and imperial examination two development roads,eventually become the family. The revocation of Wei-Suo in Qing Dynasty,these family becomecommon-family, integrated into the local community. The people of immigrants home to Jiaodongwere more easily than Wei-Suo family into the local society, beacuse they did have themilitary-system-constraints. Therefore, development and indigenous residents had same developing methods in common: farming for household,,as well as paying attention to familyeducation. The family members participated in the imperial examinations, and become official,namely becoming a member of the ruling class, which won the conferment, and offer honor andrights for the family members, improving the family’s social status. So, the family was recognizedofficial and the government’s prestige, which is useful the transformation from common-family torespected and influential clans. From this point of view, regardless of Wei-Suo-family, or farming-household-family,their development all rely on the imperial examination system, improving theprestige. This is a major characteristic of Jiaodong families’ development in the Ming and QingDynasties, which is a main way to keep the family developing.The respected and influential clans of Jiaodong played import role in local affairs, such astaking part in public construction actively and involving in local security maintenance ofgrass-roots society, making up the insufficiency of the imperial power, the formation of a recessiverule of strength and construction of power. Their behavior won the local government and publicpraise, obtaining respect from the grassroots. Official recognition of prestige and the primaryearners together make up the family prestige, so that the Jiaodong family become one respectedand influential clans.Jiaodong during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,respected and influential clans experiencedseveral wars on the development way, which had a great impact on its development,concentratingon the Yuan-Ming Dynasties alternation and Ming-Qing Dynasties alternation. After the war,Jiaodong family kept participating actively in the imperial examination, payed attention to poetryand heirloom recuperate and built up strength, after a period of time, realizing the familyreconstruction. Family heirloom is also the process of poetry acceptance process literati culture, toaccept orthodox culture principle. Orthodox cultural consciousness that infiltration into the basicsociety. Family members accept scholar-bureaucrat culture, actively practice, on the familyreconstruction summary is one of important activities. Family construction is the summary of thehistory of the family reconstruction, is the practice of scholar-bureaucrat culture principle andprimary society of ancestor worship together, is a kind of cultural reconstruction.