| From the development of western historical, Ancient Greece and Rome had been a "civil society". Thinkers such as Aristotle and Cicero had explored and studied the concept of "civil society". They are on the political structure-the significance of city-states,"Civil society" has been given to the initial meaning, Living conditions of civilization "political community".Since the Middle Ages, the political changes in the structure of civil society has raised gradually. However, under the rule of the feudal theology, the connotation of civil society has not fundamentally changed yet. This stage has pushed the separation of the civil society and political state.Enlightenment thinkers dissatisfied with the existing system of the17th and18th centuries. They advocated the freedom of the bourgeoisie. Vigorously against the feudal autocracy at the same time, the concept of "civil society" has been re-excavated. They believed that the original "natural state" has its defects which can not be solved. Therefore people transferred the power to the state by signing a contract. During this period, the internal separation of the civil society from the political state has been accelerated.The late1700s, according to the reality of capitalism, Hegel has put forward his own theory to the civil society. He put the concept of civil society into his system of philosophy of law. He divided his philosophy of law system into three parts in a logical order. Civil society situated in this stage of the ethical objective spirit, He divided the Ethical stage into "families, civil society and the state", which followed the logic of the "Positive negative and Comprehensive ".He analyzed the nature of civil society, as well as the profound meaning in history, Came up his own theory on the relations between the two, which he thought must be raised in ethics within countries thus could maintain social stability and reach the concept of the state.Marx agreed the significance of Hegel for separating the state and civil society completely at the first time. But in his view, Hegel’s thought of setting private property as a political foundation to achieve the unified nature of the state and civil society is to return to the concept of "State". This is the restoration of the Middle Ages.Marx based on the reality, refuting the point of putting the country and society upside down, This is the negation of the former system of philosophy, In the form of historical materialism in the process of continuous negative, Explore the problems of society and the state’s decision, He always believed that the civil society has played an crucial role. Marx’s critique of Hegel not only subverted the old social values, but also made a huge beyond undoubtedly for standing from the analysis of the economics.Citizens of Marx’s social theory served as a link between past and future. It has a huge impact on western society, for the criticism of the former and the accumulation of his theory. His thoughts beyond the Hegelian view of the state and laid the foundation for the future of historical materialism formed, Marx’s view on the national social problems created new ideas which based on historical materialism.Besides, his theory of civil society on the development of the complexity of the contemporary Western society also provided a theoretical support. Western Marxism scientist, such as, Gramsci, Habermas shifted the civil society towards culture and public areas.The development of all its own social theory has its the positive sense, But too much elaborating of the cultural role of civil society may cause the ignore of the basis of a decisive role in the economic base, It may also has its negative elements in a certain sense. Throughout the process of civil society in the historical context. The thesis considered the contemporary reform and the opening of China’s social development, and found that exploiting the development theories of foreign civil society to explore the development of civil society in China is the foothold of domestic researches. |
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