The Allocation Principles Of Carbon Emissions And Reduction Obligations

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is a hot topic of worldwide concern. In this issue, both developed and developing countries stand entirely different point of view also can be described as diametrically opposed. The core of the debate is which countries should undertake emission reduction obligations and bear the number of emission reduction obligations, why should such a burden-sharing. This article discussed the problem. This article is divided into five parts. The first section describes the background of global greenhouse gas emissions. First I will describe the overview of global climate change. Then I will introduce the meeting held by the international community to address climate change and the signing of legal documents. I will focus on in Copenhagen and Durban before and after the meeting, the advocates of various countries and interest groups for the second commitment period of Kyoto Protocol emission reduction. I will refine the focus of their dispute.The second part is standing in the global perspective, and discuss how to initial allocate the carbon emission rights. First clear the concept of carbon credits, and interpretation of its natural basis and ethical basis. Then, the initial allocation of carbon emission rights should follow three principles:the principle of equality, fairness, and effective. In these three principles, the most attention is the principle of fairness, and thus focus on. The principle of fairness is classified into three categories:based on the fair distribution, based on the results of the fair, the fairness of the process. Three kinds of distribution in the field of carbon reduction is more popular, they are evenly distributed principles, history base principle and the principle of historical responsibility. I will analyze the pros and cons of each principle. I will propose the ideal carbon permit allocation concept, according to Rawls’ A Theory of Justice.Previous scholars more concerned about the initial allocation of carbon emission rights, and pay less attention to the principle of commitment to emission reduction obligations. The third part will discuss the principles of carbon reduction obligations. First, I distinguish the carbon emissions into production emissions and consumption emissions, according to the generate link. Then, I explore the meaning, purpose and value of the producer responsibility principle and the principle of consumer responsibility, and how to apply these principles in the field of international carbon emission reduction. Of these two principles can both contribute to the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, however, the application of consumer liability is lagging far behind the producer responsibility, which is a major cause of unfair sharing of the emission reduction obligations.In the third part of the conclusion, I think, when the Governments charging carbon taxes, they must pay more attention to consumption emissions, and stopping to take environmental protection into trade barriers. The ideal situation is to set up a high level of international organizations, and the establishment of an international mechanism of coordinated and integrated response to climate change.The principle of the initial allocation of the carbon emission rights and the principle of the reduction obligations, should be unified in the common but differentiated responsibilities. The fourth section discusses the legal basis and the future development of this principle. That this principle has always been the fundamental principle using to balance the interests of all countries and to enhance the efficiency of emission reduction which can not be shaken.The fifth section discusses how to deal with climate change. China should bear the emission reduction obligations, with a positive, responsible and pragmatic attitude. Finally, the countermeasures to address climate change are:to strengthen the special legislation to improve the management mechanism, and to introduce economic instruments.