Bandits And Jinan Society During Zhengde Times

Based on Bandits and the Jinan society during Emperor Zhengde times, Thearticle reveals the nature of the activity and the reason why a gang of thugcan arise during Emperor Zhengde times in Jinan society.Chapter1mainly involves the research status and the definition of someconcepts. The research status is mainly divided into two parts, the first part istold about the activities of a gang of persons such as Liuliu,Liuqi andetc.conducted by the research. The academic circles at home and abroad hasthree conclusions about the nature of the gang: Peasant uprising;firstlybandits named as Xiangma,and then peasant uprising;rogue’s riots. Indomestic academia, the scholar’s study makes the activities mainly as peasantuprising, including the name of the uprising, guiding principles, reasons,process, influence, some part battlefields and the relationship between leadersand eunuchs,which have carried on the detailed investigation. The secondpart is mainly based on the research situation of Jinan society. The attentionof academia about Jinan society is not enough,which leads to less academicachievements and relevant papers. This part mainly involves agriculture,finance, related areas about the economy, the sorting of data, and socialadministration. In the definition of some concepts, the gang including Liuliu and Liuqi has been named as bandits,and the geographical scope about Jinanregion has been confirmed. the concepts of"made in country" and "made insociety" has been defined.Chapter2introduces Jinan region’s geographical position and socialsituation. Firstly, this paper introduces the terrain about this region which isvery dangerous and difficult to get access, the military value in history and folkcustoms in this area are also introduced.Secondly, this paper introduces thenatural conditions and social conditions about Jinan region during Emperor Zhengde times. The conditions at this time are as follows: the natural disastersoccurred frequently, so many cultivated lands owned by the ordinary peoplewere deprived by Huangzhuang and the owner of the lands awarded by royalcourt.The persecution to the people, and the problems about horse breedingsharpened the contradiction between human and land,which leads toinsufficient financial resources and poor life. The activity including Liuliu andLiuqi arises in such a space-time continuum.Chapter3discusses the the local social conditions participated by banditsincluding Liuliu and Liuqi.The bandits participated the local society throughviolence and violent organizations. At the same time, the gang includingLiuliu and Liuqi intervened in Jinan society by complex relations. The articleexplains the destruction of Lijia organization from the perspectives of "made insociety"、“made in country” and the rise of the bandits including Liuliu andLiuqi in the Jinan society during Zhengde times.Chapter4involves the content of bandits during Zhengde times and thesocial grass-roots structure on power. This article divides social grass-rootsstructure on power into professional service agencies and non professionalservice agencies to study social conditions at the grass-roots level, andanalyzed the reasons of the bandits’rises. This article conducts acomprehensive investigation about Lijia organization and Baojiaorganization，and analyses the forces of the patriarchal clan and the gentryclass.The forces of the patriarchal clan represented by Zhangmao and thebandits including Liuliu and Liuqi arise when the old power structure isdestroyed, and the new power structure has not yet been established.