On The Turn Of The Holistic Political Philosophy In Ancient Roman

The holistic political philosophy which is present in a form of city-state parochialism mainly formed in ancient Greek. The holistic political philosophy is a philosophy about proposals upon the relationship between individuals and community; which stressed the supremacy of Community, and individual’s obedience and dedication to community. In the city-state period, the city-state doctrine is almost common belief of the members of the city-state, thus it is not only desirable but necessary to participate in public and political life, and the relationship between the individual and the state is directly visible. However, when history developed from the time of Greek city-states to Roman period, along with the disintegration of city-states and the gradual establishment world empire, the relationship between citizens and the state has undergone profound changes. It is in this sense that the ancient Roman made a turn of the holistic political philosophy to city-states. If we say that ancient Greek is the cradle of Western political thought and the development of Western political philosophy,and the birthplace of European civilization, then ancient Roman is an intermediary and bridge for the transition between ancient society and modern society, which acting as a pioneer of modern Western civilization.This paper attempts to make a systematic elaboration and reproduction of the political thought and political philosophy in the development process of ancient Roman society from the point of view of political philosophy and the perspective of relationship between citizens and the state, so that people can be more objective and comprehensive in evaluating the political philosophy in the Roman period, not just view them as simple imitators, In addition to the introduction and the concluding part, the article is divided into four parts being discussed.The first part is about the holistic political philosophy in the era of the ancient Greek city-states. First, the philosophical basis of holistic political philosophy has been discussed from Plato’s theory of ideas, the theory of justice as well as Aristotle’s thought about the origin and nature of city-states. Then it makes a explanation of holistic political philosophy to the city standard, and the the relationship between individuals and the state in the city-state era has been explored, which says that citizens are of or dissolved in the city-states and city-state is the high goal.The second chapter is about the philosophical basis upon the turn of holistic political philosophy. Analysis and interpretation of the reasons and backgrounds for the turn of ancient Roman political philosophy are done to clarify the impact of the socio-political and economic changes on the turn of thoughts. Secondly, he philosophical basis upon the turn of holistic political philosophy has been made to describe such philosophies’influences upon the turn of political philosophy, of which are law of nature, saying of the contract type of nation origin and the pursuit of personal inner freedom.The third part is about the dimension on the turn of holistic political philosophy in Roman period, which is the focus of the whole article, making an in-depth analysis of the several turns of ancient Greek political philosophy of holism ironed by ancient Roman. It tries to show the dynamic process of the historical development mainly from three aspects, of which are the turn from unitary structure of state-citizens to the binary structure of that, the development from natural justice to political justice as well as personal attitude to the public life, which presenting the outlook of differences between political philosophy in ancient Rome and that in ancient Greece.The fourth part is about the influence of political philosophy in the ancient Roman era. As the intermediary and bridge for the transition from ancient society to modern society, ancient Rome has great significance on the development of Western history of ideas and that of the whole world as to the result of expanding and turn of Greek thought in a successive basis. The article expounds the influence on turn of holistic political philosophy in ancient Rome mainly from the formation and development of individualism and cosmopolitanism as well as law of nature’s influence upon the modern concept of right.