Existence And Elimination Of Private Elementary School In The Early Post Liberation Ages Of Jiangsu Province

Founding a country, teaching first. As the main part of political doctrine, education has always is valued by the government in different periods. All levels of government spared no effort to control the education. However, the differences of the central government’s power lead to different effects. Private elementary school was an integral part of the education system. Government in different periods basically held positive attitude to the development of the private elementary school, including ideology control, financial difficulties, the public demand for education and dominance status, from its development course since the late Qing Dynasty to the National Government. For all those things, the private elementary school should not threaten its dominance status. Government at all levels enacted laws and regulations to manage the private elementary school so as to make those schools subordinate to the government management system from the laissez-faire policy. Before liberation, the expenditure of the private elementary school was mainly coming from tuition fees, including some Church Primary School. Also, the few external grants aggravated the tight of funding. With frequent wars and great socio-economic damage, the private elementary school was in a dilemma.During the early post liberation ages, the new regime had formed a policy that the government took over the public school and led the transformation to the private elementary school. Therefore, taking the students study and intellectual’s employment into consideration, the government supported the development of private elementary school. In addition, the initial reform was practiced to meet the new democratic education policy and the objectives of serving the people. The support by government was not only beneficial for the temporarily stability of the private elementary school, but also enhancing teachers and students’centripetal force of the new state power. To some extent, it made them closer to the party and government. The transformation of political and ideological was conducted by the combination of the political movements and leaning the policy during the founding of New China. After that, the private elementary school ultimately realised the objectives of establishing the new democratic education and serving the people. However, there were still many problems, they were mainly manifested in three parts. First, the economic issues. Second, the political matters. Like "our policy is difficult to implement".For those reasons, the new regime decided to take over the private elementary school to resolve the remaining issues in1952, when its financial situation had became better. Yet,the differences between the public and private elementary school caused different treatment and status. Driven by their own interests, the private elementary school coagulated into a powerful positive attitude to take over the transformation and displayed the active demise phenomenon. But the process of taking over did not work very well due to the financial pressures and practical difficulties of local government. Whereas, the private elementary school in Jiang Su province showed some flexibility with their rational views for they did not follow blindly. But the pressure of those schools in Jiang Su province increased completely with the radical increasing socialist transformation and narrower existence space. Finally, private elementary school in Jiang Su province was taken over completely in the socialist transformation storm in1956. Until the reform and opening up, the private elementary school bowed out the historical stage temporarily.As part of education system, the private elementary school coexisted with the public school quite well. Also, the private elementary school was supposed to get government’s assistance to achieve the rapid development, especially in the ages when the state’s financial met difficulties and large numbers of school-age students were dropping out of school. However, after the short-term maintenance and rectification during the early post liberation ages, the government was determined to take over the private elementary school, considering the implementation of the new democratic and the life of teachers and students. Although this policy fundamentally solved the ideological education and living issues of teachers and students, the enthusiasm of private elementary school working as a supplement had disappeared. Instead, the government was in face of tremendous difficulties, because the bao xia lai policy which was practiced in the process of taking over storm. The lessons are still worthy of our reflection.