The Thought Of Problem Level And The Application Study In The Senior Politics Class

Problem Teaching Theory is created by Maher Mourinho, an educationist from former Soviet Union. It is firstly put forward in his summary of the monograph "Question Teaching" Theory and Practice, and he expounds systematically in his book the theory and methods of question teaching, and as well thought of question level is a very important idea in Maher Mourinho’s Question Teaching Theory.From the day it was founded till so far, as well as after thirty years’development and perfection, the Question Teaching Theory has been applied to almost all the subject teachings of current basic education. We all know that education has always been based on the requirements of times and has adapted to the social development. And at the same time, social development also needs the corresponding updates of education and teaching. Especially in the new round of Chinese basic curriculum reform, it clearly put forward that we should change the original way of teaching, advocating such a way of teaching as autonomy, cooperation and exploration. The study of exploration is organized around "problems", and then such classroom teaching is turned from "knowledge" as the center into the "problems" as the center. Therefore, question teaching begins to receive more attention. At the same time, people study the question teaching as an academic research from the perspective of theory, and they explore this theory from the perspective of practical application, so the two points above has become the focus of the new curriculum reform.Maher Mourinho’s question teaching takes "problems" as the core of teaching, and based on "problem posing" and "problem solving" as the main train of thought. However, through the analysis, classroom observation and interviews of relevant literatures and teaching cases, I find that there are some practical problems on question teaching in terms of academic research and practical application. In the research and statement of the theory, people always confuse Maher Mourinho’s Question Teaching Theory with other teaching theories which are around "problems" to take teaching activities such as Deway’s, Bruner’s and Schwab’s, which will cause some confusion to the theory research. What’s more, the study of the thought of problem level is almost blank. Although there are few articles which mentioned the thought of problem level, the understanding and application is wrong. Moreover, in the actual teaching process, the study of teaching method application is very single, and then there is always a kind of mistake that classroom questioning is question teaching, especially there is a lack of thinking by who to do the questions of "problem posing" and "problem solving" so that when people summarize the experience and methods, they always simply make "problem" itself as the object of study, discussing the questions such as how to set up the questions and on which node they can be presented in the classroom, while they ignore the doers. Hence, although the question teaching attracts widespread attention and application, actually, it doesn’t achieve the desired effect and doesn’t play its due role. The reasons contain many sides. In the study of teaching practice, the existing problems needs further questioning. The author thinks that because people don’t pay enough attention to Maher Mourinho’s Question Teaching Theory so that the study of his theory is not systematic and deep, especially they neglect the important thought of the question level and the basic element development during their studying and discussing, which comes the direction of deviation on the study and exploration of the operation method.Maher Mourinho’s Question Teaching Theory is a theory of developing teaching. This development is not only to make students master knowledge, but to develop students’ways of thinking and action ability. The most important is that students’cognitive independence level is progressively developing, and the thought of question level is a priority for all of Maher Mourinho’s Question Teaching Theory. Based on the thought of question level, question teaching consists of question posing, question solving and answer evaluating. In classroom teaching, who proposes questions and who answers the questions, i.e. students’independence level in that three teaching links, will form different question levels. We can say that students independence level is reflected by the question level. Question teaching is not one kind or several kinds of teaching methods, but has a variety of teaching organization modes which are based on the actual situation and on different levels of question level. What’s more, the thought of question level provides a theoretical basis and operational support for organizing different levels and different ways of question teaching. The purpose to organize question teaching is not only to make students master knowledge, but also to make students master the methods of how to acquire the knowledge. As well, question level provides such a possibility. That is, firstly, to foster students to answer the teachers’questions. Secondly, based on the first stage, to make students gradually see the questions, pose the questions, analyze the questions and solve them. In this process, students’ability of independent research and ability of innovation will be gradually and continuously developed to a high degree, which truly reflects the developmental characteristics of question teaching. That is to say, the progressively improvement of question level makes the development of students’cognitive independence developing. Therefore, in the study of teaching methods, people should not only study how to do by teachers, but also should study how to improve their question level through students’different kinds of question teachings, to form the ability of independent learning and question solving. And question teaching is based on Marixism epistemology, so it has an irreplaceable effect on forming the students’stable values and ways of thinking. The senior politics class is more than the education of Marxist basic points to the students; it as well foster students’ ability to know, to adapt and to participate in social life, which will promote the all-round development of students. It also has the features of the combination of ideological content and practice, and hence in the senior political class, that teachers choose question teaching to teach students can promote the better fulfillment of the teaching and education tasks.This paper studies, combs, clarifies and deeply discusses Maher Mourinho’s Question Teaching Theory through the collection and collation of the theoretical information as well as through knowing the related background and teaching theories; it grasps and uses the Question Teaching Theory under the developing teaching theories; it analyzes the literatures of the realistic teachings cases, classroom observation, interview data and the current issues related to the question teaching; it sums up the problems based on the Question Teaching Theory; it focuses on Maher Mourinho’s thought of question level under the developing theory; it analyzes the concepts of question level and discusses the relations among independence level, question level and the development of question teaching. Besides, this paper also analyzes the application of necessity and feasibility of the thought of question level to the current senior politics class. Based on the senior politics class, this paper takes class examples to illustrate the four hierarchical degrees of question level and discusses the strategies of the application of question level to the senior politics class combined with the relevant research results of Audience theory. The author devotes himself to deeply study the teaching practice under the systematic and integrated theories, which makes the theory research and its application combines perfectly in order to use practice development to perfect the theories.