Research On Welfare Ideologies And Orientation Of Welfare Policies In Contemporary China

The welfare ideology is an important part of the welfareculture from the narrow sense. It is a systematic theory on therelationship between the needs, welfare, nations and policies,which is unique, systematic and stable. The consensus welfareideology epitomizes the perceptions and attitudes to welfarepolicy of the citizens in a country. These discussions includedthe role of social welfare, social welfare providers, socialwelfare recipients, social welfare contents and the providedway of social welfare. There will be a welfare ideology at anyhistorical conditions of the area. In addition to the fair,mutual aid, etc, most of core ideologies does not exist obviousjudgment standard, it is only a expression of groups’ needsand tendencies in a certain range. Welfare ideology is thecondensation of the subjective sense, and its changes anddevelopments are lengthy process. Therefore, short-termpolicies must respect and follow the national welfare ideology,so that we may make policies adapt to the people, rather than people adapt to policies.China has five thousand years of the civilization, whichlead the cultural aspects of the national management model,social structure and concept of consciousness to remainedstable in a very long historical period. It means that ourcontemporary welfare ideology is influenced by traditionalculture deeply. For example，Confucian Family Center, filialpiety and thought is to lay out the main framework of the welfareideology in China. In addition, the socialist culture and theculture of market economy promote the change our welfareideology to some extent. Firstly, our contemporary welfareideology still influence people on considering the family asthe main provider of welfare; Secondly, citizens are lack ofrecognition of the right to social security as the startingpoint, even if citizens suffer from difficulties, would theynot held governmental accountability; Moreover,Egalitarianism exists obviously, also. The phenomenon“Inequality rather than want is the cause of trouble” makecitizens’ satisfaction to the welfare depends on comparisonswith others. Combining the main problems faced by the contemporary Chinese with the practice of social welfare allaround world, diversification and open will be the next majorevolution direction to China’s welfare ideology.If we study from Bourdieu’s “Field—Habitus” theory,thewelfare field can be regarded as all welfare practice includingwelfare policy, while social welfare ideology can be seen asanother expression of the welfare habitus. Welfare ideologyand welfare policy choices affect each other based on theinteraction between the field and habitus, so it profoundimpact on the construction of welfare policy, implementationand feedback. This requires us to regard welfare ideology asan important factor in the choices of welfare policies，suchas social assistance, old-age security and Medicare. First ofall,\we must strengthen the government’s sense ofresponsibility and awareness of civil rights at the same timein social assistance, make citizens to take the initiative toapply for assistance instead of passive acceptance and enhancethe relevance of the aid to improve policy efficiency; We shouldalso take into account the feelings of policy objects inspecific implementation process to avoid the policy inefficient because of the shame culture. Secondly, for old-agesecurity we should fully respect family centrism inherited fromthe traditional culture, make it into a rule-based system fromthe intangible ethical by strengthening legislation;Government which should a secondary, achieve the level of thewhole society of solidarity mechanism through the improvementof old-age security. Thirdly, in Medicare we will have to curbexcessive medical treatment, the important reason for thisphenomenon is that our respect to the life. Thus, the governmentshould make the average allocation of medical resources andmake treatment programs to Everyday illnesses standard. In theprocess of policy design. If possible, increase attention anddevote greater efforts on the treatment of heart. In conclusionwe can see that considering welfare ideology as a referencevariable is practical significance of welfare policy choices.It can make welfare policy run more efficient, and is also anachievement of the citizens’ right to social security, whichmatches with the inevitable requirement of buildingservice-oriented government.