Construct Welfare Pluralism System Under The Transition Of Social Welfare:Base On Empirical Investigation Of Left-behind Children In Xingwen County

With the great heap in China’s urbanization, hundreds of millions of peasants went into cities and form a huge number of migrant population in China. They make a significant contribution to the development of the cities, however they have to face a lot of problems. The issue of left-behind children seems to be the most important one. Because of urban-rural separate registration system and different benefits beyond it, approximately40million to80million children have been left by their parents in their hometown, and their basic living, health, education and other aspects have to encounter with new risks. Therefore, doing some researches on the problems of left-behind children can be not only to promote the development of China’s social welfare system, but also have great significance to optimize the path of development of China’s future urbanization.Researches on the left-behind children have shown a sharp increase since2005, all these researches have finished some analysis on left-behind children’s issues and contributed to our policies. However, the current researches also met some important problems in researching framework, research perspective and research methods, they so these researches can not focus on social welfare transformation behind the obvious problems from the regime of welfare pluralism. Based on these problems, this study want to make welfare pluralism as the core theory, take the social welfare as the viewing angle, and carry out a detailed analysis on left-behind children’s welfare supplying system with a combination of quantitative and qualitative empirical research methods.Based on the empirical investigation in Xingwen County, the study finds that the left-behind children’s welfare system can be concluded to be the following four basic features:(1) The level of left-behind children’s welfare supplying lags significantly behind that of normal children, the difference between these two groups is mainly in the health welfare and caring services, children’s needs for welfare supplying system and the real supplying system has formed a structural problem, the weaker position of left-behind children can not be effectively changed;(2) The great reduce of left-behind children’s welfare is mainly coming from the outside family, inside family shows an obvious increase in children’s welfare, but national, community and voluntary organizations seems to be not very significant, therefore the transformation of welfare supplying system has becomes transformation of family, outside family is mainly responsible for funding and inside family is mainly for serving;(3) After great exclusion in the process of urbanization, an obvious welfare falling of left-behind children can be also found in rural area, the transformation of children’s caring responsibility in family has met obvious difficulties, the overall welfare supplying and structural changes have to encounter with significant risks.(4) The problem of left-behind children’s welfare is not a simple welfare reductions but a structural adjustment in welfare mix, behind this problem we can find the vulnerability of residual social welfare system and necessity of universal social welfare.This study suggests that the problem of left-behind children’s welfare system really reflects the designing flaw in the children’s welfare system, and argues that China should gradually balance urban and rural welfare supplying, form a family-support social policy, strengthen the supplying of capital and services, and promote the transformation from residual social welfare to universal social welfare.