| Recently years, major natural disasters occurred frequently in China, sucha as Southern Snow and Frozen Disaster, Wenchuan Earthquake, Yushu Earthquake, Chuxiong Earthquake. These major disasters have given us painful memories which cannot be forgotten by us. According to the analysis made by the intenational organization of natural disaster,25major natural disasters attacked our country in2005, which could be regarded as the country where major natural disasters are fully maximized. During the process of rescue activities, emergency materials must be distributed to the disaster areas in time and sufficient quantities, in order to meet the needs of living, help the wounded, prevent the epidemic and so on. Or else, the area of disaster and loss of lives and assets would be expanded continuously. However, due to the research of emergency logistics in China start relatively late, there are still some problems existed to stop the rescue activities from meeting the needs of victims, such as inadequate inventory and unreasonable scheduling for the emergency materials. Therefore, it is important to study systematicly the strategy of emergency materials inventory management and the distribution program, which could help the emergency manager to make a rational planning and program before and after the disaster.This thesis is based on the projects of Emergency Management Office of the State Council of P. R. China and Ministry of Civil Affairs of P. R. China through on-site research and data analysis, conducting a systematic and in-depth research on the planning and methods of natural disasters logistics network from the following aspects.Firstly, by analyzing nearly40,000disaster data of our country in recently three years, a conclusion is obtained which reveals the probability distribution of the victim number accords with negative exponential distribution. The expected and the maximum of the victim number of34provincial-level administrative in China are calculated by fitting this probability distribution and calculating the expectation. Also the time and space characteristics of typical disasters are analyzed. The formula of determining the quantity of every kind of emergency material is proposed. By setting the coefficient of typical emergency materials, the expected and the maximum quantities of typical emergency materials in every province are calculated.Secondly, a method to determine the serving scope of emergency materials warehouse is proposed in this thesis. Based on the theory of joint inventory management, a formula of distributing emergency materials to different storage is raised. And a program about the serving scope and inventory of typical emergency materials of19central emergency materials warehouse is designed according to the method. In order to realize the economic utility of emergency materials, an emergency materials’ inventory control model is established and the relevant formula is determined by taking Kunming central warehouse.Thirdly, a method is designed to change a network with multi-supply points and multi-needed points into a network with single supply point and single needed point, which is conducive to solve the distribution model. The basic characteristics of emergency supplies and distribution are analyzed. Then the boundary conditions of the model is defined and described, and the emergency supplies distribution model was constructed. Also the genetic algorithm theory is used to solve this model. And taking Yunnan Province as example, a distribution network containing129multiple nodes is established. A distribution program for the Chuxiong Earthquake is designed on the basis of the quantity of emergency materials, which is calculated by the inventory control model. |
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