Funding Guarantee Mechanism Of Land Reclamation In Mine Area

The exploitation of mineral resources makes a great contribution to meet thecountry’s energy demand. At the same time, it inevitably disturbs the ecologicalenvironment, and damages a lot of land. In1988, the government enacted the landreclamation regulations. However, as a rational economic man and in order tomaximize profits, the enterprises may ignore the external diseconomy caused bymining, and the "regulation" in funding guarantee, prior restraint, and the governmentsupervision system still exists many problems. So it appeared "the old debts were notpaid off, the new bill added". The second golden period of reclamation came in March2011, when the new land reclamation regulation was enacted. The new “regulation”further strengthened the land reclamation in the parts of funding constraint mechanism,incentive mechanism, and supervision mechanism.In the process of land reclamation, funding is the key factor. It determineswhether land reclamation projects can develop and implement well. Without funding,land reclamation became "bricks without straw". In such a situation, it should furtheradvance the funding mechanism, including the perfection of detail rules. Only in thisway, the project can be truly implement, and so as to realize the goal of "energeticallypromoting the economical and intensive land use, protecting cultivated land, betterensuring and improving the people’s livelihood" which was raised by the country’s "The12th Five-Year Plan ".Based on the methods of literature analysis, comparison analysis and systemanalysis, this paper have done the study in the following several aspects:(1)characteristics of the funding in mining area reclamation, components of landreclamation costs and analysis of variables which influence land reclamationinvestment;(2) the funding supervision system for mining area which reclaimed bythe mining companies;(3) the standards and forms of paying land reclamation fee forlack of ability of reclamation or for failure to meet the required reclamation;(4) thefinancing channels of reclamation of damaged mining area left over from history;(5) establish fund of land reclamation, to clear the land reclamation organizationalrelationships and the main function of the subject.From the above study contents it can get the following conclusions:(1) Mining area reclamation investment has the features of huge capital demand,stages, long payback period, and high risk, the investment is divided into the plannedinvestment and actual investment, they interact on each other, meanwhile reclamationeffect in the project react against planned investment.(2) Triple agreement of enterprises-financial institution-land administrationauthority should be established for mining area which reclaimed by the miningcompanies, the companies establish their own reclamation management department,and the land administration department implement strict supervision system.(3) For mining companies lack of ability of reclamation or failure to meet therequired reclamation, land reclamation fees shall be paid, and reclamation funs shouldbe establish. These funds have been orbited into special accounts and a system hasbeen set up, whereby revenue and expenditure are managed separately and the fundsare used for specified purposes only.(4) The financing channels of reclamation of damaged mining area left over fromhistory are mainly from governmental investment and social investment. The formerincludes government revenue and governmental funds, and driving mechanisms ofsocial should be established or improved.