| As the second largest economy in the world, energy that Japan needs almost entirely from imports, its security strategy has the characteristics of the high dependence on energy imports, which also comes with the vulnerability hidden in the energy system. The oil crisis of the1970s began to change Japanese energy security strategy, as a part of Japan’s comprehensive security strategy, it was promoted and supported by three generations of the Prime Minister, and finally formed a relatively complete energy mechanism has been well establishedAs a strategic material, the oil is different from the general materials, so it should be from the national security and the overall strategic situation to take it. The oil is highly dependent on importing in Japan, which has multiple risks:the risk of being involved in the oil producing countries’conflict; the risk of competing against the oil states; the financial risk that due to the rised oil prices; the risk of conflicting with the hegemonic states; the risk between Japan and the Oil transport Road countries and so on. These risks will grow up with the increase of the proportion of imports. As an island nation, Japan, the import dependence of oil and other resources is far greater than the other continental countries, however, according to the2010annual report data by Japan’s Natural Resources and Energy Office show that the supply routes of non-renewable energy have been stable and sources of energy, oil reserves, and other parameters have been higher than neighboring countries (such as China).The energy security strategy in Japan has gone through several historical stages, being flexible with the changes in the environment of energy security, it had been constantly adjusting and improving, and gradually formed a strict management and operation system. After entering the new century, Japanese energy security strategy does not fundamentally changed, but has a further promotion and improvement on the basis of the original. Japan continues to deepen and promote the energy-saving in the country, carry out energy diversification strategy, broaden the channels and methods of energy imports, steadily maintain the supply of energy imports.It is noteworthy that, in the process of further adjusting and optimizing the Japanese energy structure, Japan were forced to change the previous idea of the energy structure due to the Fukushima nuclear accident that triggered by an earthquake in2011. As the as one of the alternative energy, Nuclear power generation dominant position in Japanese energy for power generation, the panic of nuclear crisis caused by the outbreak of a nuclear accident, Japan was forced to reconsider the status of nuclear energy in the energy structure of the country, and took the appropriate energy policy reform measures. Whether to continue the cautious reuse of nuclear power generation, or step back and rely on oil for power generation, or to actively develop new energy to replace nuclear power status? How to find the best balance between stability, security and energy efficient on electricity, Japan still actively be exploringBut Japan has proved that energy constraints encountered by the countries can be resolved through policy, Japan is highly dependent on foreign energy, under the control of Japanese energy security strategy, it did not give Japan a material risk, or more serious economic and social impact than any other country, which has a positive reference to the energy security strategy of China, and the narrow strip of water location makes the reference to a more realistic sense. Now, the energy problems are increasingly serious, and the energy compete is increasingly intense, from the actual situation into account, China has only to face the problems and challenges on the field of energy, proactively take countermeasures, and make forward-looking and long-term sustainable energy development path, in order to provide powerful energy security for domestic economic development and social stability. |
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